Week 2 - Histology Flashcards
What is the difference between a nephron and a nephrotome?
Nephrotome is the functional unit of the kidney, and includes the collecting ducts as well as the elements of the nephron
What makes up the 2 poles of the renal corpuscle?
- Vascular pole - afferent/efferent arterioles and glomerulus
- Urinary pole - Bowman’s capsule
How does Bowman’s capsule develop?
During development, as the ureteric bud grows, it envelopes the growing glomerulus resulting in a double-layered covering which is Bowman’s capsule
What makes up the 2 layers of Bowman’s capsule?
1) Parietal layer - simple squamous epithelia
2) Visceral layer - podocytes, which slot together with fenestrations in the capillary endothelium to form the filtration barrier
What sort of epithelium lines the PCT?
Simple cuboidal epithelium with a brush border
What sort of epithelium lines the thin limb of the loop of Henle?
Simple squamous epithelium
What sort of epithelium lines the thick limb of the Loop of Henle?
Simple cuboidal, with no brush border
What sort of epithelium lines the DCT?
Simple cuboidal, with no brush border
What sort of epithelium lines the collecting ducts?
Simple cuboidal with no brush border
Which parts of the tubular system have lots of mitochondria?
- PCT
- DCT
- Thick limb of Loop of Henle
How is Henle’s loop divided?
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thick ascending limb
What can the thin limb of the Loop of Henle appear like?
How can you tell it is not that structure?
Capillaries
No RBCs
What 3 components make up the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
- Macula densa of DCT
- Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole
- Extraglomerular mesangial cells
How many muscle layers in the ureters?
Upper 2/3rds - 2
Lower 1/3rd - 3
Where is transitional epithelia found?
Ureters, urinary bladder, upper portion of urethra
How many muscle layers in the bladder?
3
What elements make up the nephron?
Renal corpuscle
PCT
Loop of Henle
DCT
