Week 2 - Growth, Development and Health Promotion from Birth to Adolescence; Pediatric Nursing Assessment with PEWS Flashcards
What is the focus of pediatric assessment?
Assessment of the child’s physical, developmental, and psychosocial status, including vital signs and pain evaluation.
What should be considered in a developmental nursing assessment?
The child’s developmental stage and milestones, using appropriate tools and language.
What are Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development?
Stages include Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, and Identity vs. Role Confusion.
what are Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development?
Stages include Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational, each representing different ways children think and understand the world.
How should nurses communicate with children and their families?
Meet the psychological needs of both child and family, use age-appropriate language, and involve parents in discussions about what is normal for their child
What is included in a background assessment?
Caregiver identification, pregnancy and family history, PMHx, medications, immunizations, SDoH, and current health concerns.
What does the Pediatric Assessment Triangle evaluate?
It assesses appearance, work of breathing (WOB), and circulation.
What are common pediatric pain assessment tools?
FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability), Faces Scale, and Simplified Faces
What is assessed in a neurological examination of a child?
Head shape, symmetry, ability to control head, PERRLA, redness/drainage from eyes, hearing, LOC (GCS), cognition, behavior, and motor skills.
What are key elements in cardiovascular assessment in children?
Heart rate, blood pressure, presence of murmurs, skin warmth and color, capillary refill, pulses, and edema.
What factors affect medication distribution in children?
increased body water percentage, rapid extracellular fluid exchange, decreased body fat, immature liver/kidneys, and lower plasma proteins.
How should nursing interventions differ by developmental stage for infants (0-1 year)?
Involve parents in medication administration and ensure comfort through holding.
What strategies should be used for toddlers (1-3 years) during healthcare?
Follow routines, involve parents, offer simple choices, and allow interaction with equipment.
What is important for preschoolers (3-6 years) during assessments?
Provide opportunities for play and simple choices without yes/no questions.
Infant (0-1 year) - Developmental Stage and Intervention
Trust vs. Mistrust; involve parents in medication administration and ensure comfort through holding. Systems: Neurological (reflexes, head control), Cardiovascular (heart rate assessment).
Toddler (1-3 years)
Developmental Stage and Intervention
Back: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt; follow routines, involve parents, and offer simple choices. Systems: Respiratory (WOB, secretions), GI (nausea, bowel habits).
Preschooler (3-6 years) - Developmental Stage and Intervention
Initiative vs. Guilt; provide opportunities for play and simple choices without yes/no questions. Systems: Neurological (developmental milestones, motor skills), GU (urine output).
School Age (6-12 years) - Developmental Stage and Intervention
Industry vs. Inferiority; explain the purpose of drugs in simple terms and seek their assistance. Systems: Cardiovascular (BP, murmurs), GI (nutritional assessment, allergies).
Adolescent (12-19 years) - Developmental Stage and Intervention
Identity vs. Role Confusion; approach similarly to adults, respecting privacy and sensitivity. Systems: Endocrine (growth patterns), Neurological (cognition, behavior).
General Pediatric Assessment - Body Systems Overview
Neurological: Head shape, symmetry, LOC, PERRLA, reflexes.
Cardiovascular: Heart rate, blood pressure, pulses, capillary refill, murmurs.
Respiratory: RR, SpO2, WOB, secretions, auscultation.
GI/GU: Nutritional assessment, fluid requirements, bowel sounds, urine output.
Pediatric Early Warning System (PEWS)
A standardized tool for early recognition of deterioration in hospitalized pediatric patients, assessing age-based features to determine stability.
Medication Administration in Pediatrics
Consider increased body water percentage, rapid extracellular fluid exchange, immature organ systems, and lower plasma proteins during dosing.
