Week 2: Gas Exchange & Respiratory Function Flashcards
what is the upper respiratory tract made up of? (5)
nose, paranasal sinuses, pharnx, tonsils, adenoids, larynx, trachea
function of the nose
filters, warms, & moistens air
what are the sphenoid sinuses? (4)
frontal, ephnoid, spenoid, maxillary
function of the pharynx, tonsils, & adenoids
filter the immune system; epiglottis blocks food from going into the trachea
function of the trachea
warms & filters inspired air
what is contained in the lower respiratory tract?
lungs (pleura), mediastinum, bronchi / bronchioles, alveoli
what is the function of the lungs?
site of gas exchange
different between the visceral pleura & priorital pleura
visceral: hugs the actual lung
priorital: outside of the lung
what is the mediastinum? what does it house? (5)
chest cavity; houses the lungs, heart, thymus gland, aorta, vena cava, & esophagus
what is bronchi / bronchioles?
large airways that come off trachea & attach to the lung / smaller branches that go throughout the lungs (contain mucus, lined w cilia)
where does gas exchange occur?
the alveoli
what do macrophages do?
ingest foreign materials that we breathe in (part of our defense mechanism)
respiration takes place at the ___ level
cellular
difference between inspiration & expiration (what type of processes are they? is energy being used?)
inspiration: active process, uses energy
expiration: passive process, no energy used
what is ventilation? what can it be altered by? (4)
air moving in & out
can be altered by: asthma, bronchitis, COPD, inflammation
difference between diffusion & perfusion
diffusion: oxygen and blood are exchanged at the air-blood interface
perfusion: blood flow through the pulmonary circulation (lungs)
ventilation & perfusion must….
“match”
what diffuses more easily than oxygen?
carbon dioxide
VQ scan
- which type of patients is it for?
- what does it measure?
- how does it work?
for patients suspected of having pulmonary emboli; measures ventilation and perfusion (inject dye to light up, breath in radioactive gas)
what is gas exchange measured by?
ABGs
where is CO2 exchanged? where is it transported?
capillaries; transported from tissues to blood & transported to lungs
where is oxygen transported?
from the blood into the tissue
which nerve excites muscles to keep you breathing? where is it located?
phrenic nerve; respiratory centers in the brain
central chemical receptors
in medulla respond to change in CSF from chemical changes in blood from high to low in pH to correct imbalance