week 2 - evolution and natural selection Flashcards
what is an evolutionary successful organism?
an organism with greater reproductive success than others in the population
what three things are measured when assessing fitness?
- fitness relative to other genotypes or phenotypes in the population
- in a specific environment
- reproductive success
fitness
the relative reproductive success of a phenotype of a genotype
-alleles that confer the highest fitness on the individuals carrying them will increase their success overtime
mutation in terms of rs and alleles
effects on mortality rate or rs are almost always negative or neutral
gene flow in regards to alleles
within a population some individuals arrive or leave, thus changing the overall allele frequencies
genetic drift
random change in allele frequencies
natural selection in regards to alleles
non random elimination of alleles
phenotype
the observable qualities of an organism (behavior, ex.)
genotype
the internal state of hereditary factors
how could a genetic determinist predict a norm of reaction to look like?
if you know the genotype, you know what the phenotype is going to be regardless of the environment
who is gregor mendel and what did he do?
- created the law of segregation
- punnett squares
- dihybrid crosses
- pedigrees
mendels law of segragation
- a gamete receives one allele from the pair of alleles possessed by an organism
haploid
one copy of a chromosome
diploid
two copies of a chromosome (at fertilization)
how to discover genotype of a dominant phenotype
make a test cross where you are most likely given one parent but then decide the other by testing