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Essentials 1.3 Pharma-Explosion > Week 2: Essentials 1.3 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 2: Essentials 1.3 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 Neuromuscular Blockers

A
  1. Succinylcholine
  2. Rocuronium
  3. Vecuronium
  4. Dantrolene
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2
Q

Describe the MOA of Succinylcholine

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker. Diffuses away from NMJ on its own, without needing a reversal agent.

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3
Q

Describe the clinical use for Succinylcholine

A

Maintain paralysis in surgery; paralyze vocal chords to allow intubation. Always give with hypnotics or sedatives.

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4
Q

Describe 2 unique/ clinically important side effects of Succinylcholine.

A
  1. Hyperkalemia leading to cardiac arrhythmias, muscle pain, increased intracranial, intraocular, and intragastric pressure.
  2. Malignant Hyperthermia Trigger
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5
Q

When giving Succinylcholine which patients are most at risk for hyperkalemia?

A

Patients on Dialysis

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6
Q

How is Succinylcholine metabolized?

A

Plasma Pseudocholinesterase

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7
Q

Which patients are more likely to experience the effects of Succinylcholine for significantly longer than planned?

A

Patients with atypical Pyoderma Gangrenosum (PG)

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8
Q

Describe the MOA of Rocuronium & Vecuronium

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers; work as competitive antagonists at the ACh receptor. Often reversed by a reversal agent.

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9
Q

Describe the clinical use for Rocuronium & Vecuronium

A

Maintain paralysis in surgery; paralyze vocal chords to allow intubation.

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10
Q

Are there any unique/ clinically important side effects of Rocuronium & Vecuronium?

A

No

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11
Q

Are reversible agents needed for Rocuronium & Vecuronium? If so, what are they?

A

Resersible Agents: Neostigmine OR Edrophonium WITH Glycopyrrolate, Atropine (Protects against SLUDGE BB side effects), OR Sugammadex (fewer side effects with this)

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12
Q

Describe the MOA of Dantrolene

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant that impairs calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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13
Q

Which drug would you use Dantrolene for to treat it’s unique side effect?

A

Succinylcholine

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14
Q

Describe the clinical usage for Dantrolene

A

Treats malignant hyperthermia

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15
Q

Describe the MOA of Pyridostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

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16
Q

Describe the clinical usage for Pyridostigmine

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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17
Q

Describe 6 unique/ clinically important side effects of Pyridostigmine.

A
  1. Hypersalivation
  2. Sweating
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Nausea
  5. Vomiting
  6. Cramps
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18
Q

Name the 8 MS disease modifying treatments

A
  1. Glatiramer Acetate
  2. Teriflunomide
  3. Dimethyl Fumarate
  4. Fingolimod (Siponimod)
  5. Cladribine
  6. Ocrelizumab
  7. Alemtuzumab
  8. Natalizumab
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19
Q

Describe the MOA of Glatiramer Acetate

A

Scrambled myelin peptide disrupts T cell responses

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20
Q

Describe the clinical usage for Glatiramer Acetate

A

MS

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21
Q

How is Glatiramer Acetate administered?

22
Q

Describe 3 unique/ clinically important side effects of Glatiramer Acetate.

A
  1. Flush/anxiety
  2. Chest pain**
  3. Lipoatrophy**
23
Q

Describe the MOA of Teriflunomide

A

Pyrimidine Synthesis Inhibitor

24
Q

Describe the clinical usage of Teriflunomide

25
Q

How is Teriflunomide administered

26
Q

Describe 2 unique/ clinically important side effects of Teriflunomide

A
  1. Transient Hair loss
  2. Category X Pregnancy (Charcoal Elimination)**
27
Q

Describe the MOA of Dimethyl Fumarate

A

Anti-Inflammatory (Nrf2)

28
Q

Describe the clinical usage of Dimethyl Fumarate

29
Q

How is Dimethyl Fumarate administered?

30
Q

Describe 2 unique/ clinically important side effects of Dimethyl Fumerate

A
  1. Flushing **
  2. GI **
31
Q

Describe the MOA of Fingolimod (Siponimod)

A

S1P receptor modulator, sequesters lymphocytes in LN

32
Q

Describe the clinical usage of Fingolimod (Siponimod)

33
Q

How is Fingolimod (Siponimod) administered?

34
Q

Describe 6 unique/ clinically important side effects of Fingolimod (Siponimod)

A
  1. HA
  2. Elevated LFTs
  3. HSV/Shingles infection**
  4. Rare Cryptococcal mgn
  5. MAcular Edema**
  6. FDO Symptomatic bradycardia**
    FDO= First Dose Observation(???)
35
Q

Describe the MOA of Cladribine

A

Purine Analog - Interferes with DNA synthesis

36
Q

How is Cladribine administered?

37
Q

Describe the clinical usage of Cladribine

38
Q

Describe 3 unique/ clinically important side effects of Cladribine

A
  1. Bone Marrow Suppression
  2. Increased risk of cancer**
  3. Fetal harm
39
Q

Describe the MOA of Ocrelizumab

40
Q

What is the clinical usage of Ocrelizumab

41
Q

How is Ocrelizumab administered?

42
Q

Describe 1 unique/ clinically important side effects of Ocrelizumab

A

Infusion Reactions

43
Q

Describe the MOA of Alemtuzumab

44
Q

Describe the clinical usage of Alemtuzumab

45
Q

How is Alemtuzumab administered?

46
Q

Describe 4 unique/ clinically important side effects of Alemtuzumab

A
  1. Infusion reactions
  2. Infections
  3. Autoimmune Disease (e.g. ITP, anti-GMB)**
  4. Cancer
47
Q

Describe the MOA of Natalizumab

A

Alpha-4 Integrin Inhibitor

48
Q

Describe the clinical usage of Natalizumab

49
Q

How is Natalizumab administered?

50
Q

Describe 3 unique/ clinically important side effects of Natalizumab

A
  1. Infusion Reactions
  2. Fatigue
  3. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)**

Essentials 1.3 Pharma-Explosion (5 decks)

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