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Anatomy Head and Neck > Week 2 Dry Room > Flashcards

Week 2 Dry Room Flashcards

1
Q

What would you see in an edentulous mandible due to bone resorption

A

Resorps downwards and outwards becoming wider and thinner

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2
Q

Whats the total number of Deciduous teeth

A

20

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3
Q

Whats the total number of Permanent teeth

A

32

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4
Q

What type of a joint is the Temporamandibular joint (TMJ)

A

Synovial Joints covered by fibrocartilage

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5
Q

What are the 2 articular processes that form the TMJ

A

Mandibular fossa and the temporal bone

Condylar process of the mandible

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6
Q

What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ

A 
Elevation
Depression
Protrusion
Retrusion
Side to side movements
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7
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter (superficial)
Lateral Pterygoid (deep)
Medial Pterygoid (deep)

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8
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporals muscle

A

Temporal fossa of skull

Coronoid process of the mandible

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9
Q

What action would it have on the mandible when the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract

A

Elevates mandible

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10
Q

What action would it have on the mandible when the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract

A

Retracts mandible

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11
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter

A

Inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch
Outer surface of the ramps and coronoid process of the mandible

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12
Q

What is the action of the Masseter

A

Elevates mandible

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13
Q

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach to

A

The lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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14
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to

A

The medial surface of the medial pterygoid plate

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15
Q

What plate do both the Pterygoid muscles attach to

A

Lateral Pterygoid plate

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16
Q

To what part of the mandible does the medial pterygoing muscle attach

A

Medial Surface of ramus

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17
Q

When the 2 lateral pterygoing muscles contract they cause what

A

Protracts mandible and depresses chin

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18
Q

When the lateral pterygoid muscle contracts with the medial pterygoid at the same time what happens

A

Swings jaw to contralateral side

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19
Q

When the 2 medial pterygoid muscles contract what happens

A

With the masseter muscle they elevate mandible nd contribute to protrusion

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20
Q

What muscle depresses the mandible

A

Suprahyoid muscles

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21
Q

Name the Suprahyoid muscles that depress the mandible

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid

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22
Q

Muscles that elevate the mandible

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoind

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23
Q

Muscles that depress the mandible

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid

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24
Q

Muscles that protrude the mandible

A

Lateral and Medial Pterygoid

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25
Q

Muscles that retract the mandible

A

Temporalis (horizontal fibres)

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26
Q

Muscle that produce side to side movements of the mandible

A

Lateral and Medial Pterygoid

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27
Q

What innervates the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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28
Q

Define the vestibule of the oral cavity

A

The space between the lips/cheeks and the gums/teeth

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29
Q

What is the muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity

A

Buccinator

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30
Q

What muscle of facial expressions contractions cause c;losing/pursing of the lips

A

Orbicularis oris

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31
Q

What is the posterior opening of the oral cavity called

A

Oropharyngeal pharynx

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32
Q

What 2 bones form the hard palate

A

Palatine process of the maxilla

Horizontal plates of the palantine bone

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33
Q

Name the muscles in the soft palate

A 
Tensor veli palatine
Levator veli palatine
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae
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34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)

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35
Q

What is the collective action of the muscles of the soft palate

A

During swallowing the soft palate is raised to prevent material moving into the nasal cavity

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36
Q

What lymphoid structure lies in between the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscle

A

Palatine tonsil

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37
Q

What type of cellular tissue makes up the palatine tonsil

A

Lymphoid tissue

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38
Q

What are the functions of the tongue

A

Moving food during chewing
Taste,
Speech and Oral cleaning

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39
Q

What V shaped sulcus divides the tongue into an anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

A

Foramen Caecum

40
Q

What is the embryological sigificance of the foramen caecum

A

Non-functional remnant of the proximal part of the embryonic thyroglossal duct from which the thyroid gland developed

41
Q

Name the papillae found on the anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue

A

Filiform-long numerous, thread like
Foliate- small lateral folds
Vallate- Large and flat topped
Fungiform

42
Q

Where are taste bud present

A

In all papillae except for filiform type

43
Q

The dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection called___

A

Lingual tonsil

44
Q

Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual frenulum

45
Q

What nerve provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Lingual nerve CNV3

46
Q

What nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

Chordates tympani branch of CNVII nerve

47
Q

What nerve provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

48
Q

What nerve provides taste sensation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

Lingual branch of Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

49
Q

On a sagittal section of the tongue which specific area are the intrinsic muscle fibres mainly concentrated

A

Top 2cm of the tongue

50
Q

Compared to the extrinsic fibres which change the position of the tongue, what do that intrinsic muscle fibres do

A

Alter shape of the tongue

51
Q

Name features of the underside of the tongue

A

Frenulum
Deep lingual vein
Openings of submandibular duct

52
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

53
Q

What is the attachment and action of the genioglossus

A

Inner surface of the mandible close to the midline

Protrudes tongue to opposite side

54
Q

What is the attachment and action of the hyoglossus

A

Upper border of the body of mandible

Depresses tongue, helps shorten tongue

55
Q

What is the attachment and action of the styloglossus

A

Styloid process
Margin of tongue posteriorly
Elevating posterior tongue
Depressing soft palate

56
Q

When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, (resulting in muscle paralysis, which direction would you expect the patient’s tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude their tongue)

A

Right

57
Q

Which muscle attaching to the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

A

Palatoglossus- innervated by pharyngeal plxus

58
Q

Name the 3 large salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

59
Q

What are the 2 parts of the submandibular gland

A

Superior and inferior

60
Q

What muscle separates the 2 parts of the submandibular gland

A

Mylohyoid muscle

61
Q

Where in relation to the food of the mouth do the 2 parts of the submandibular gland lie

A

Inferior

62
Q

Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland

A

Submnetal artery

63
Q

Where does the submandibular duct open into

A

Sublingual papilla each side of the lingual frenulum

64
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the parotid salivary gland

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

65
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the submandibular gland

A

Chorda tympani of facial nerve

66
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the sublingual gland

A

Chorda tympani of facial nerve

67
Q

With which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly

A

Oropharynx

68
Q

With which structure is the larynx continuous with inferiorly

A

Trachea

69
Q

Which cartilage in the larynx is paired

A

Thyroid

70
Q

Which cartilage in the larynx is a complete ring shape

A

Cricoid

71
Q

Which membrane in the larynx lies inferior to the vocal cord

A

Median cricothyroid ligament

72
Q

Name the structures of the laryngeal outlet

A

Aryepiglottic fold- laterally
Arytenoid cartilage-posteriorly
Upper margin of epiglottis- anteriorly
Cuneiform and Corniculate Tubercle

73
Q

What are the 3 parts the lumen of the larynx is divided into

A

The vestibule or upper part
Middle part lies between the vestibular folds and the true vocal cords
The lower part extends from the vocal cords to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

74
Q

What is the nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve- branch of vagus

75
Q

What is the nerve supply for the cricothyroid muscle

A

The superior laryngeal nerve- branch of vagus

76
Q

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected

A

Weakened voice (hoarseness) or loss of voice (aphonia) and cause problems in the respiratory tract

77
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

78
Q

How would the vocal cords appear in normal repsiration

A

Vocal cords abducted

79
Q

How would the vocal cords appear during rapid breathing e.g. after exercise

A

Vocal cords fully abducted

80
Q

How would the vocal cords appear during singing or speaking

A

Vocal cords adducted

81
Q

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by what

A

The sphenoid bone

82
Q

In relation to the larynx, the laryngo-pharynx lies where

A

Posteriorly

83
Q

During swallowing what prevents the bolus of food entering the nasopharynx

A

The soft palate

84
Q

What prevents the bolus of doodahs entering the larynx during swallowing

A

The epiglottis

85
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Pharynx

A

Outer muscular layer
Middle fibrous layer
Inner mucous membrane

86
Q

The outer muscular layer consists of what

A

Outer circular layer and inner longitudinal layer

87
Q

What are the 3 muscles that for the inner longitudinal later of the outer muscular layer

A

Stylopharyngeus- CN IX
Salpingopharyngeus- CN X
Palatopharyngeus- CN X

88
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus

A

CN X and CN IX

89
Q

Which of nerve of the pharyngeal plexus is sensory

A

CN IX

90
Q

Which nerve of the pharyngeal plexus is motor

A

CN X

91
Q

What is the role of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing

A

Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

92
Q

What is the role of the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing

A

Shorten and widen pharynx

93
Q

What is the role played by the tongue and palate muscles during swallowing

A

The tongue moves upward and backward against the palate

94
Q

What is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring

A

A collection of typhoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx

95
Q

What is the purpose of having the pharyngeal lymphoid ring

A

Acts as a first line defence against micorbes

96
Q

Name the 3 lymphoid collections

A

Palatine tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil
Lingual tonsil

Anatomy Head and Neck (6 decks)

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