Week 2 - Dry Room

Question 1

The vestibule of the oral cavity refers to the space…

Answer 1

Between lips and cheeks superficially

Teeth and gingivae deeply

Question 2

The muscle muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity is?

Answer 2

The Buccinator

Question 3

The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/ pursing of the lips is?

Answer 3

Orbicularis Oris

Question 4

The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called?

Answer 4

The oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 5

What is the tongue?

What are its functions?

Answer 5

The tongue is a muscular organ covered by mucous membrane.

Its functions are:

• Moving food during chewing
• Taste
• Articulation

Question 6

How is the tongue divided?

Answer 6

It is divided into an anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called the terminal sulcus

Question 7

The anterior 1/3 of the dorsal surface of the tongue has surface projections of the mucous membrane that makes it rough.
What are they called?
What are the 3 types?

Answer 7

Papillae

• Filiform
• Fungiform
• Vallate

Taste buds are present in these surface projections except on the filiform type

Question 8

The posterior 1/3 dorsal surface of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection.
What is this called?

Answer 8

Lingual tonsils

Question 9

What covers the inferior surface of the tongue?

Answer 9

Smooth mucous membrane

Question 10

What is the name of the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

Answer 10

Frenulum

Question 11

What provides general sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 11

Lingual nerve = branch of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 12

What provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 12

Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

Question 13

What provides general sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 13

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerve

Question 14

What provides taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 14

Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve

Question 15

What are the two types of muscles of the tongue?

Answer 15

Intrinsic muscles that originate and insert within the tongue
Extrinsic muscles that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate

Question 16

On a sagittal section of the tongue which specific area are the intrinsic muscle fibres mainly concentrated?

Answer 16

Inner surface of the body of the mandible

Question 17

What do the extrinsic and intrinsic fibres of the muscles of the tongue do?

Answer 17

Extrinsic = change position of the tongue
Intrinsic = change the shape of the tongue

Question 18

Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 18

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 19

What is the attachment and action of the genioglossis?

Answer 19

Attachment:
-Inner surface of the mandible close to the midline

Action:
-Protrudes tongue to the opposite side

Question 20

What is the attachment and action of the hyoglossus?

Answer 20

Attachment:
-Upper border of body of mandible

Action:
-Depresses tongue

Question 21

What is the attachment and action of the styloglossus?

Answer 21

Attachment:
-Styloid process

Action:
-Retrudes tongue and curls its sides

Question 22

What is the attachment and action of the palatoglossus?

Answer 22

Attachment:
-Soft palate

Action:
-Elevation of posterior tongue

Question 23

What nerves supply the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 23

ALL muscles supplied by hypoglossal nerve (Cr. N. XII)

EXCEPT:
-Palatoglossus (Vagus nerve)

Question 24

Name the 3 large paired salivary glands

Answer 24

Parotid salivary gland
Submandibular salivary gland
Submental salivary gland

Question 25

What is the nerve supply of the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 25

Parotid = glossopharyngeal nerve Submandibular and submental = chorda tympani from the facial nerve

Question 26

The roof of the mouth is made up of the bony hard palate, posterior to which is the soft palate. What two bones form the hard palate?

Answer 26

Palatine process of maxillae | Palatine bone

Question 27

Name the 5 muscles in the soft palate

Answer 27

``` Tensor veli palatini Levator Veli Palatini Palatoglossus Palatopharyngeus Musculus uvulae ```

Question 28

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 28

Branch of mandibular division of facial nerve | Pharyngeal branch of vagus via pharyngeal plexus

Question 29

What is the collective action of the muscles of the soft palate?

Answer 29

Seal off oral passage from nasopharynx | Seal off oral cavity from nasal passage (breath through nose while mouth is open)

Question 30

What structures do the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal muscles form in the mouth? What lies between these structures?

Answer 30

Palatopharyngeal arch posteriorly Palatoglossal arch anteriorly Palatine tonsils

Question 31

What is the pharynx?

Answer 31

The pharynx is a fibromuscular tube that is important in swallowing (to direct food into the oesophagus) and in breathing (to direct air into the larynx)

Question 32

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 32

The nasopharynx The oropharynx The laryngopharynx

Question 33

What forms the roof of the nasopharynx?

Answer 33

Sphenoid | Partly vommer and claris also

Question 34

In relation to the larynx the laryngopharynx lies...?

Answer 34

Posteriorly

Question 35

What prevents food entering the nose during swallowing?

Answer 35

Soft palate

Question 36

What prevents food entering the larynx during swallowing?

Answer 36

Epiglottus

Question 37

What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?

Answer 37

Outer muscular layer Middle fibrous layer Inner muscular layer

Question 38

What is the structure of the outer muscular layer of the pharynx?

Answer 38

Outer circular layer and inner longitudinal layer Outer circular layer (3 constrictor muscles) - Superior constrictor - Middle constrictor - Inferior constrictor Inner longitudinal layer - Stylopharyngeus - Salpingopharyngeus - Palatopharyngeus

Question 39

What is the structure of the middle fibrous layer of the pharynx?

Answer 39

Merges with the deep fascia of the muscles and fills in gaps between muscles

Question 40

What innervates the pharynx?

Answer 40

Pharyngeal Plexus: - Sensory = Cr. N. IX - Motor = Vagus

Question 41

What is Waldeyer's ring?

Answer 41

Pharyngeal lymphoid ring = collection of lymphoid tide that protects the entrance into the oropharynx

Question 42

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 42

Larynx = voice box (produces sound) | Protective inlet to the respiratory system

Question 43

Which structures are the larynx continuous with superiorly and inferiorly?

Answer 43

``` Superiorly = pharynx Inferiorly = trachea ```

Question 44

Which cartilage of the larynx forms the "adam's apple" in males?

Answer 44

Thyroid cartilage

Question 45

Which cartilage of the larynx is paired?

Answer 45

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 46

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring?

Answer 46

Cricoid cartilage

Question 47

What type of connective tissue forms the spaces between the laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 47

Dense connective tissue

Question 48

Which laryngeal membrane lies inferior to the vocal cords? | Why is it important to know this?

Answer 48

Cricothyroid membrane Due to its position inferior to the vocal cords, this membrane is sometimes pierced in emergency situations when acute swelling of the vocal cords causes stridor (anaphylactic reaction)

Question 49

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 49

Epiglottis Aryepiglottic Folds Arytenoid cartilage Vestibular Folds

Question 50

The lumen of the larynx is divided into 3 parts. | What are they?

Answer 50

The vestibule, or upper part, is the area between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords) The middle part lies between the vestibular folds and the (true) vocal cords (laryngeal ventricle) The lower part extends from the vocal cords to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

Question 51

What is the function of the vocal cords? | What muscles allow this?

Answer 51

The vocal folds are important in voice production. Intrinsic muscles of the larynx control movement of the vocal fold as well as controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet.

Question 52

What is the nerve supply of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 52

Recurrent laryngeal nerve. Except for the CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE. This muscle is supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve, also a branch of the vagus nerve.

Question 53

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

Answer 53

Internal laryngeal nerve | Branch of superior laryngeal nerve