Week 2 Deck Flashcards
External Respiration
Exchange of air in lung capillaries:
- Oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs
- Immediately passes into capillaries
- Carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air
sacs, to be exhaled
Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases in the
cells:
- Occurs simultaneously between cells and
capillaries
- Oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the
tissues
- Carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into
the bloodstream to travel to the lungs
Mediastinum
Middle of chest where trachea
divides into two branches
Bronchi
Each leads to a separate lung
Lungs
Lobes are not mirror images
Hilum
Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue,
and bronchial tubes enter and exit
Adenoids
Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx;
pharyngeal tonsils
Alveolus
Air sac in the lung
Apex of the lung
Tip or uppermost portion of the lung
Base of the lung
The lower portion of the lung
Bronchioles
The smallest branches of the bronchi
Bronchus (plural:
bronchi)
The branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a
passageway into the lung; bronchial tube
carbon dioxide
Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and
carbon atoms from food combine; exhaled
through the lungs
cilia
Thin hairs attached to mucous membrane
epithelium lining the respiratory tract
diaphragm
Muscle separating the chest and abdomen;
contracts to pull air into lungs; relaxes to push
air out
epiglottis
Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the
larynx; keeps food from entering the larynx
and trachea during swallowing
expiration
Breathing out (exhalation)
glottis
Slit-like opening to the larynx
hilum (of lung)
Midline region where the bronchi, blood
vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
inspiration
Breathing in (inhalation)
larynx
Voice box; contains the vocal cords
lobe
Division of a lung
mediastinum
The region between lungs in the chest cavity;
contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes,
aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
nares
Openings through the nose carrying air into
the nasal cavities
oxygen (O2)
Gas that makes up 21% of air; passes into the
bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all
body cells
palatine tonsil
One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of
lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
paranasal sinus
One of the air cavities in the bones near the
nose
parietal pleura
Outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and
chest wall
pharynx
The throat; including the nasopharynx,
oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
pleura
Double-folded membrane surrounding each
lung
pleural cavity
Space between the folds of the pleura
pulmonary parenchyma
Essential parts of the lung, responsible for
respiration; bronchioles and alveoli
respiration
The process of moving air into and out of the
lungs; breathing
trachea
Windpipe
visceral pleura
Inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung
tissue
nas/o
nose
orth/o
straight, upright
ox/o
oxygen
pector/o
chest
pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
phon/o
voice
phren/o
diaphragm
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
air, lung
pneumon/o
lung
pulmon/o
lung
rhin/o
nose
sinus/o
sinus cavity
spir/o
breathing
tel/o
complete
thorac/o
chest
tonsill/o
tonsils
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
-ema
condition
-osmia
smell
-pnea
breathing
-ptysis
spitting
-sphyxia
pulse
-thorax
pleural cavity, chest
Auscultation
Percussion
Pleural rub
Rales (crackles)
Rhonchi (singular
rhonchus)
Sputum
Stridor
Wheezes
Croup
Upper respiratory disorder
Diphtheria
Upper respiratory disorder
Epistaxis
Upper respiratory disorder
Pertussis
Upper respiratory disorder
Asthma
Bronchial tube disorders
Bronchiectasis
Bronchial tube disorders
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchial tube disorders
Cystic fibrosis
Bronchial tube disorders
Atelectasis
Lung disorder
Emphysema
Lung disorder
Pulmonary edema
Lung disorder
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
Lung disorder
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Lung disorder
Lung cancer
Lung disorder
Pneumoconiosis
Lung disorder
Pneumonia
Lung disorder
Sarcoidosis
Lung disorder
Tuberculosis (TB)
Lung disorder
Pneumonia
Lung disorder
Pulmonary abscess
Lung disorder
Atelectasis
- Proximal obstruction of
distal airways - Accumulations of fluid,
blood, or air in the pleural
cavity
Mesothelioma
Pleural disorders
Pleural effusion
Pleural disorders
Pleurisy (pleuritis)
Pleural disorders
Pneumothorax
Pleural disorders. Air gathers in the pleural cavity
Anthracosis
Respiratory disease
Asbestosis
Respiratory disease
Bacilli
Respiratory disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Respiratory diseas
Cor pulmonale
Respiratory diseas
Exudate
Respiratory diseas
Hydrothorax
Respiratory diseas
Infiltrate
Respiratory diseas
Palliative
Respiratory diseas
Paroxysmal
Respiratory diseas
Pulmonary infarction
Respiratory disease
Purulent
Respiratory diseas
Silicosis
Respiratory diseas
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic waves create images
X-rays, radiographic imaging
Nuclear tests. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the
lung
Conditions it may diagnose: Brain tumor ·
Alzheimer’s disease · Coronary artery disease · Heart
failure · Cancer and more
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan
inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection
of different radioactive material for imaging,
examines airflow (ventilation) and blood flow
(perfusion) in the lungs. The word ‘Q’ is used to
describe blood flow in physiology.
Bronchoscopy
a fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted
into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or
collection of secretions
Endotracheal intubation
placement of tube from
mouth to trachea to
establish airway
Laryngoscopy
Clinical procedure
Lung biopsy
Clinical procedure
Mediastinoscopy
Clinical procedure
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Clinical procedure
Thoracentesis
Clinical procedure. surgical puncture to
remove fluid from pleural space
Thoracotomy
Clinical procedure
Thorascopy
Clinical procedure
Tracheostomy
Clinical procedure. surgical creation of
an opening into the trachea through the neck
Tuberculin test
Clinical procedure
Tube thoracostomy
Clinical procedure
