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Western Medical Term > Week 1 Deck - Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 Deck - Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Carcinoma

A

A basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. Usually occurs on sun-damaged skin.

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2
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocyte

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3
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocyte

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4
Q

Clotting cells

A

Thrombocytes or platelets

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5
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Cavities are in the front of the body

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6
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Caused by external trauma to the brain. Blood collects above the brain’s outermost (epi-) covering (dura)

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7
Q

Coronal (Frontal) Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back sections

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8
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into left and right sections

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9
Q

Median

A

Divides the body into equal left and right parts

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10
Q

Axial (Horizontal or Transverse) Plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower segments

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11
Q

Axial (Horizontal or Transverse) Plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower segments

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12
Q

PREFIX

A

attached to the beginning of the term

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13
Q

ROOT

A

the foundation of the word

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14
Q

SUFFIX

A

ending of the word

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15
Q

COMBINING VOWEL

A

vowel (usually o) that links the root to the suffix or the root to another root

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16
Q

HEMAT/O

A

Blood

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17
Q

GASTR /O

A

Stomach

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18
Q

CARDI /O

A

Heart

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19
Q

HYPO

A

Below

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20
Q

EPI

A

Above

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21
Q

-LOGY

A

Process of study

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22
Q

-ITIS

A

Inflammation

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23
Q

-GRAM

A

Record

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24
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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25
Q

aden/o

A

glad

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26
Q

bi/o

A

life

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27
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, the largest part of the brain

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28
Q

cephal/p

A

head

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29
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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30
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer, cancerous

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31
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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32
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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33
Q

derm/o or dermat/o

A

skin

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34
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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35
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

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36
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass swelling

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37
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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38
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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39
Q

-logy

A

process of study

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40
Q

-scopy

A

process of visual examination

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41
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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42
Q

-gram

A

record (image)

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43
Q

-opsy

A

process of viewing

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44
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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45
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually small intestine)

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46
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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47
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

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48
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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49
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

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50
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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51
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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52
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment, physician

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53
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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54
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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55
Q

gynec/o

A

women, female

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56
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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57
Q

path/o

A

disease

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58
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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59
Q

to cut

A

sect/o

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60
Q

nose

A

rhin/o

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61
Q

flesh

A

sarc/o

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62
Q

mind

A

psych/o

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63
Q

urinary tract

A

ur/o

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64
Q

bone

A

oste/o

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65
Q

x-rays

A

radi/o

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66
Q

clotting

A

thromb/o

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67
Q

tumor

A

onc/o

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68
Q

-algia

A

pain

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69
Q

-ion

A

process

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70
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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71
Q

-gram

A

record, image

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72
Q

-scope

A

instrument to visually examine

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73
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

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74
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, removal (resection)

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75
Q

-genic

A

pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in

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76
Q

-pathy

A

disease condition

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77
Q

-tomy

A

process of cutting, incision

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78
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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79
Q

-cycle

A

cell

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80
Q

dia-

A

complete through

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81
Q

pro-

A

before

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82
Q

aut-, auto-

A

self, own

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83
Q

a-, an-

A

no, not, without

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84
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above, more than normal

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85
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, below, less than normal

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86
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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87
Q

endo-

A

within

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88
Q

retro-

A

behind

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89
Q

trans-

A

across, through

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90
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

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91
Q

ex-

A

out

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92
Q

exo-

A

out

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93
Q

sub-

A

below, under

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94
Q

re-

A

back

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95
Q

study of the urinary tract

A

urology

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96
Q

study of women and women’s diseases

A

gynecology

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97
Q

study of blood

A

hematology

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98
Q

study of tumors

A

oncology

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99
Q

study of kidneys

A

nephrology

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100
Q

study of nerves

A

neurology

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101
Q

treatment of children

A

pediatrics

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102
Q

study of x-rays in diagnostic imaging

A

radiology

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103
Q

study of the stomach and intestines

A

gastroenterology

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104
Q

study of glands that secrete hormones

A

endocrinology

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105
Q

treatment of the mind

A

psychiatry

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106
Q

study of disease

A

pathology

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107
Q

study of the heart

A

cardiology

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108
Q

study of the eyes

A

ophthalmology

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109
Q

aden/o

A

gland

110
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

111
Q

bio/o

A

life

112
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous; cancer

113
Q

cardio/o

A

heart

114
Q

cephal/o

A

head

115
Q

cerebr/

A

cerebrum (the largest part of the brain)

116
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

117
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

118
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder; cyst; sac of fluid

119
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

120
Q

derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

121
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

122
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

123
Q

enter/o

A

intestines

124
Q

erythr/o

A

red

125
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

126
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose; sugar

127
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

128
Q

gynec/o

A

women, female

129
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

130
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

131
Q

iatr/o

A

physician, treatment

132
Q

leuk/o

A

white

133
Q

log/o

A

study

134
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

135
Q

neur/o

A

nervous system

136
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

137
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

138
Q

oste/o

A

bone

139
Q

path/o

A

disease

140
Q

ped/o

A

child, foot

141
Q

psych/o

A

mind

142
Q

radio/o

A

x-rays; radioactivity; radius (lateral
lower arm bone)

143
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

144
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

145
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

146
Q

sect/o

A

to cut

147
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

148
Q

ur/o

A

urinary, urinary tract

149
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

150
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

151
Q

-algia

A

pain

152
Q

-cyte

A

cell

153
Q

-ectomy

A

inserting something

154
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

155
Q

-genic

A

produced by or in

156
Q

-globin

A

protein

157
Q

-gram

A

image, record

158
Q

-ic, -ical

A

pertaining to

159
Q

-ion

A

process

160
Q

-ist

A

specialist

161
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

162
Q

-logy

A

study of something

163
Q

-oma

A

tumor; mass; fluid collection

164
Q

-opsy

A

view of

165
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

166
Q

-pathy

A

disease; emotion

167
Q

-scope

A

an instrument for visual examination

168
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

169
Q

-sis

A

state of; condition

170
Q

-tomy

A

process of cutting

171
Q

-y

A

condition, process

172
Q

a-, an-

A

no; not; without

173
Q

aut-, auto-

A

self, own

174
Q

dia-

A

complete; through

175
Q

endo-

A

in; within

176
Q

epi-

A

above; upon; on

177
Q

ex-, exo-

A

out; away from

178
Q

hyper-

A

above; excessive

179
Q

hypo-

A

deficient; below; under; less than
normal

180
Q

in-

A

in; into; not

181
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

182
Q

pro-

A

first

183
Q

re-

A

back; again; backward

184
Q

retro-

A

behind; back; backward

185
Q

sub-

A

under; below

186
Q

trans-

A

across; through

187
Q

cell membrane

A

not only surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell

188
Q

nucleus

A

The controls the operations of the cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

189
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There
are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which
contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

190
Q

genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

191
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code,
it directs the activities of the cell.

192
Q

Karyotype

A

Is a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and
number. Karyotyping can determine whether chromosomes are normal.

193
Q

cytoplasm

A

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell
membrane

194
Q

metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.
Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process

195
Q

mitochondria

A

Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature
“power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.
(From the Greek mitos meaning thread, and chondrion meaning granule.)

196
Q

anabolism

A

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

197
Q

catabolism

A

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process.

198
Q

Digestive

A

Mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

199
Q

Urinary or excretory

A

Kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body).

200
Q

Respiratory

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx (“voice box”), trachea (“windpipe”), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place).

201
Q

Reproductive

A

Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary
glands.
Male: Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland.

202
Q

Endocrine

A

Thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

203
Q

Nervous

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.

204
Q

Circulatory

A

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.

205
Q

Musculoskeletal

A

Muscles, bones, and joints.

206
Q

Skin and sense organs

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue.

207
Q

adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells.

208
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose

209
Q

epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs.

210
Q

histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

211
Q

larynx

A

“Voice box”; located at the upper part of the trachea.

212
Q

pharynx

A

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going
to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).

213
Q

pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

214
Q

thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

215
Q

trachea

A

“Windpipe” (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).

216
Q

ureter

A

One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder. Spelling
clue: Ureter has two e’s, and there are two ureters

217
Q

urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Spelling clue: Urethra has one
e, and there is only one urethra.

218
Q

uterus

A

The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

219
Q

viscera

A

Internal organs.

220
Q

Cranial

A

Brain, pituitary gland

221
Q

Thoracic

A

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta (large artery).

222
Q

Pleural cavity

A

space between the folds of the pleura
surrounding each lung. The pleura is a double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. If the
pleura is inflamed (as in pleuritis, also called pleurisy), the pleural cavity may fill with fluid.

223
Q

Mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.

224
Q

Abdominal

A

The peritoneum is the double-folded membrane surrounding the
abdominal cavity. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs situated behind (retroperitoneal area) the abdominal
cavity on either side of the backbone.
Also contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The diaphragm (a muscular wall)
divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

225
Q

Pelvic

A

Portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female.

226
Q

Spinal

A

Nerves of the spinal cord

227
Q

abdominal cavity

A

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and
intestines; also called the abdomen.

228
Q

cranial cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means
pertaining to the skull.

229
Q

diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and
down and aids in breathing.

230
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

Pertaining to the back.

231
Q

mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

232
Q

pelvic cavity

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis, composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity.

233
Q

peritoneum

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.

234
Q

pleura

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means pertaining to
the pleura.

235
Q

pleural cavity

A

Space between the pleural layers.

236
Q

spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also called the
spinal canal.

237
Q

thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus,
and other organs.

238
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

Pertaining to the front.

239
Q

hypochondriac

A

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs.

240
Q

epigastric

A

Middle upper region above the stomach.

241
Q

lumbar

A

Right and left middle regions near the waist.

242
Q

umbilica

A

Central region near the navel.

243
Q

inguinal

A

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions.

244
Q

hypogastric

A

Middle lower region below the umbilical region.

245
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant.

246
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant.

247
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant.

248
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant.

249
Q

vertebra

A

Single backbone.

250
Q

vertebrae

A

Backbones.

251
Q

spinal column

A

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

252
Q

spinal cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

253
Q

disk (disc)

A

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae.

254
Q

cervical

A

Neck region

255
Q

thoracic

A

Chest region

256
Q

lumbar

A

Loin (waist) region

257
Q

sacral

A

Region of the sacrum

258
Q

coccygeal

A

Region of the coccyx (tailbone).

259
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

Front surface of the body.

260
Q

deep

A

Away from the surface.

261
Q

distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.

262
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

263
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body.

264
Q

lateral

A

Pertaining to the side.

265
Q

medial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

266
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

Back surface of the body.

267
Q

prone

A

Lying on the belly (face down, palms down).

268
Q

proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

269
Q

sagittal (lateral) plane

A

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From
the Latin sagitta, meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow it enters the body in
the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The midsagittal plane divides the body into
right and left halves.

270
Q

superficial

A

On the surface.

271
Q

superior (cephalic)

A

Above another structure; pertaining to the head.

272
Q

supine

A

Lying on the back (face up, palms up).

Western Medical Term (7 decks)

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