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Physical Agents > Week 2: Cryotherapy & Thermotherapy > Flashcards

Week 2: Cryotherapy & Thermotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Cryotherapy & Clinical Indications for it

A

use of cold for therapeutic purposes
- one of the most effective & least expensive for ACUTE INJURY
- PAIN MANAGEMENT
- REDUCE SWELLING
- FACILITATE MUSCLE RELAXATION
- LIMIT HYPOXIC TISSUE INJURY

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2
Q

Principle modes of energy transfer to remove heat by adding a cooling agent

A
  • conduction
  • convection
  • evaporation
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3
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

measure of how efficiently a material or tissue conducts heat
- higher water content have better thermal conductivity than adipose

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4
Q

Thermal Conductivity levels (GOOD TO POOR)

A

metal> ice>water>bone>muscle>adipose tissue

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5
Q

T or F: ice bags/massage > cold water baths/frozen gel packs

A

TRUE
- ice is most effective type of cold bc it undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid so it causes a greater heat extraction

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6
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat by direct contact with molecules in the warmer area with those in the cooler area

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7
Q

Convection

A

heat removed by direct contact with moving fluid
- whirlpool where the cool water is circulating
- (W/o movement, it would be conduction)

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8
Q

Evaporation

A

heat energy is removed as a molecule changes from a liquid to a gas causing a cooling effect
- spray and stretch

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9
Q

Negative effects of cold

A
  • affects muscle performance (short time <10- increase strength output) (long time decreases strength output)
  • increase joint stiffness
  • negative effects on proprioception
  • increase tissue viscosity and decreased elasticity
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10
Q

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

A

sensory, motor, or autonomic pain symptoms caused by trigger points (muscular strain, postural imbalance, poor body mechanics)

  • Tx: ice massage, spray and stretch, US, Estim
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11
Q

What to think about when selecting a cooling agent

A

which body area will be cooled
type of tissue
size of the area

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12
Q

Normal Sensations in response to cold

A
  • intense cold
  • burning
  • aching
  • numbness – what we want to get to when we get benefits
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13
Q

Cryotherapy Duration

A

IT DEPENDS BUT

  • 20-30 min for conductive cooling
  • intermittent cooling : 20 on- 10 off 2x
  • repeated application: 30 min every 2 hrs
  • ice massage 5-7 min
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14
Q

Ice Massage

A
  • great for small, irregular area or trigger points
  • good conductor bc ice to water
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15
Q

Types of cold compression units

A
  • manual : cant control temp so thermometer.
  • electric
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16
Q

Cold Urticaria

A
  • histamine reaction to cold
  • hive like rash
17
Q

Raynaud’s

A
  • Vasospasic disorder: cycles of pallor, cyanosis, rubor, numbness, tingling or burning from precipitating factors like cold exposure, emotional stress, caffeine and smoking
18
Q

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

A
  • hemoglobin released from lysed RBC– appears in urine
  • following local or genetic cold exposure
19
Q

T or F: cold over nerve regeneration or compromised circulation can benefit healing process

A

FALSE
- it impedes healing and can decrease blood flow to an already compromised area

20
Q

hypertension and effects on cold

A

cold may cause transient increase in BP

21
Q

Safe temp for therapeutic heat

A

104-113 degrees F

22
Q

Superficial heat modalities hit what depth?

A

1-3 cm
- moist hot packs
- warm whirl pool
- Electric heating pads

23
Q

Deep heat modalities hit what depth?

A

3-5 cm
- US
- diathermy

24
Q

Neuromuscular effects of heat

A
  • elevate pain threshold (thermal gate theory)
  • break the pain spasm pain cycle
  • alter nerve conduction velocity
  • change muscle spindle firing rate by decreasing spasm and cycle
25
Q

For the greatest effect, try to pair heat with _____

A

exercise

26
Q

Connective tissue effects of heat

A
  1. increase elasticity
  2. increase muscle flexibility
  3. decrease viscosity
  4. decrease joint stiffness
27
Q

Radiation

A

conversion of heat energy to electromagnetic radiation

28
Q

Hydrocollator temp

A

158-167 degrees

28
Q

towel layers

A

6-8

29
Q

1 layer hot pack cover

A

2 towels

30
Q

how long to treat with hot pack

A

10-30 min

31
Q

hot pack use

A
  • reduce pain
  • reduce muscle spasm
  • increase tissue extensibility
32
Q

Advantages of hot packs

A
  • ease of prep and application
  • many sizes
  • moist, comfortable heat
  • relatively inexpensive
33
Q

Disadvantages of hot packs

A
  • no method of temp control once removed from regulated tank
  • may be awk to secure on pt
  • does not retain heat for >20 min
  • passive intervention
  • may leak and need to be discarded
34
Q

Methods of Paraffin Wax

A
  • dip & wrap (more practical)
  • dip & re-immerse
35
Q

disadvantage of paraffin wax

A
  • cant exercise while in wax
36
Q
A

Physical Agents (7 decks)

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