Week 2 - Clinical Introduction to Gastroesophageal Disease - Small Animal (Winston) Flashcards
What are the Primary Clinical signs of gastroesophageal disease?
- Dysphagia
- Regurgitation
- Vomiting
Definition:
Difficulty chewing and swallowing
Dysphagia
Definition:
Is the passive expulsion of undigested food or fluid from the esophagus. It is influenced by mechanical events in the esophagus and is not a reflex
Regurgitation
Definition:
Is the forceful expulsion of gastric and intestinal contents through the mouth.
Vomiting
What are the secondary Clinical Signs of gastroesophageal?
- Anorexia
- Polyphagia
- Hypersalivation
- Retching
- Abdominal pain
- Bloat
- Weight Loss
- Melena
- Coughing/gagging
(T/F) Nausea can be seen with both regurgitation and vomiting
False, only with vomiting
Clinical Vomiting Syndromes: Gastrointestinal Bleeding
In Iron deficiency (chronic blood loss), the CBC will show….
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
What clinical syndromes is this that is associated with vomiting?
- is suggested by a pattern including food present in vomitus > 10 hours after eating (and regurgitation is ruled out)
- abdominal distention after eating;
- bloating
- belching
- projectile vomiting
- hypokalemic, hyponatremic, metabolic alkalosis
- projectile vomiting with mechanical causes
Delayed gastric emptying
What are we able to see with a Small Bowel Gastroduodenoscopy (aka “Upper”)?
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Proximal duodenum
What can we see with a Large Bowel Colonoscopy (aka “Lower”)?
- Colon
- Cecum
- Distal Ileum
When do we consider using gastrointestinal protectants?
- Gastroduodenal erosions or ulcers
- Reflux esophagitis
- Gastritis
- Hypersecretory states (gastrinoma)
(T/F) Famotidine has a decreased efficacy (tolerance) in dogs over time (use < 10 days, in as little as 3 days)
True
(T/F) Recent studies suggest ranitidine is NOT effective in raising gastric pH in dogs and cats
True
What is more effective than H2 blockers to raise gastric pH in dogs and cats?
Proton Pump Inhibitors
- If administered for more than 3-4 weeks need to taper to prevent rebound of gastric acid hypersecretion
List the GI Promotility Drugs:
- Metoclopramide (Reglan)
- Cisapride
- Erythromycin
- H2 receptor blockers*** not very good
What is a non-invasive, atraumatic technique that is an alternative to surgery?
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
(T/F) Sucralfate will non-specifically bind other oral drugs given concurrently, so separate from administration of the other medications by at least 1 hour
True
Between Metoclopramide and Cisapride, which is a more effective promotility agent in dogs and cats?
Cisapride
(T/F) Both cisapride and metoclopramide have anti-emetic properties
False, only metoclopramide
(T/F) Cisapride is only available through compounding pharmacies
True
The antibiotic _____________ binds to and stimulates motilin receptors so it is used therapeutically in dogs (cats) to increase GI motility in dogs (cats)
erythromycin
