Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 3320 > WEEK 2: Chapter 3 > Flashcards

WEEK 2: Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Axon to dendrite

A

Axodendritic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Axon to cell body

A

Axosomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Axoaconic

A

Axon to axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axon to muscle

A

Neuromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Electric current flows along specialized proteins

A

Electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Both chemical and electrical transmission

A

Mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurotransmitters are manufactured in ______________

A

Presynaptic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Receptors for the chemical are located on the ___________ and _____________.

A

Postsynaptic cell, mediate the response of that cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurotransmitters encompass several different kinds of Chemical Substances

A

1) Amino acids and monoamines
2) Acetylcholine (ACh)
3) ATP and adenosine
4) Neuropeptides, lipids, and gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Synthesized by a different mechanism than other transmitters. Synthesized from precursor proteins that are synthesized in the cell body and shipped to the axon terminals.

A

Neuropeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alter the action of standard neurotransmitters. Chemicals that do not act like typical neurotransmitters.

A

Neuromodulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ca2+ mediates release of transmitter from vesicles

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transmitters are released only at ___________.

A

Active Zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vesicles are recycled by ____________.

A

Endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Three models of Vesicle recycling

A

1) Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
2) Ultrafast endocytosis
3) Kiss-and-run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Recycles large amounts of vesicle membrane during high rates of neuronal activity

A

Bulk Endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

________ and _________________ Transmitters that are not released from synaptic vesicles

A

Lipid and Gaseous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Regulate the firing patterns of dopamine neurons and control the timing and amount of dopamine released from their terminals in target regions.

A

Autoreceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Inhibit further transmitter release

A

Terminal autoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Receive transmitters at axoaxonic synapses; either enhance or reduce transmitter release.

A

Heteroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Some neurotransmitters are synthesized by gut bacteria; drugs may alter the _________ and influence health

A

Human microbiome

22
Q

Refers to signaling back and forth between the gut. (Including the gut microbiome) and the brain

A

Gut-brain axis

23
Q

Proteins on plasma membranes of a neuron, muscle cell, or secretory cell

A

Receptors

24
Q

____________ consist of multiple __________ that together form an Ion Channel

A

Ionotropic Receptors and Subunits

25
Q

Decreased responsiveness that occurs with repeated or chronic exposure to agonist.

A

Desensitization

26
Q

Metabotropic receptors consist of a single subunit that works by _____________

A

Activating G Proteins

27
Q

Involved in synthesis or breakdown of second messengers.

A

Effector enzymes

28
Q

Activate protein kinases that phosphorylate another protein molecule

A

Second messengers

29
Q

_________: Breaks down a phospholipid in the cell membrane to form two second messengers: ____________ and _______________

A

Phosphoinositide second-messenger system, diacylglycerol (DAG) and Inositol Trisphosphate (IP3)

30
Q

Increased Ca2+ activates __________ and _________

A

Protein kinase C (PKC) and Calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII)

31
Q

Mediate the action of neurotrophic factors

A

Tyrosine Kinase Receptors

32
Q

Stimulates survival and growth of neurons during early development and are involved in neuronal signaling

A

Neurotrophic factors

33
Q

List of alteration that is caused by drugs

A

1) Increase or decrease transmitter synthesis
2) Block transmitter breakdown or inhibit reuptake
3) Autoreceptor agonists reduce transmitter release, autoreceptor antagognists enhance release
4) Mimic or inhibit transmitter’s effect on receptors.

34
Q

Metabotropic receptors have additional binding sites ____________

A

Allosteric sites

35
Q

Bind to ___________ sites and modify (positively or negatively) the effects of a ligand (endogenous or a drug)

A

Allosteric modulators

36
Q

Functional changes in strength of existing synapses.Neurons can rapidly change the size and shape of dendritic spines, grow new spines, and/or lose existing ones.

A

Synaptic Plasticity

37
Q

Secreted by endocrine glands; circulate in the bloodstream

A

Hormones

38
Q

What does adrenal medulla secretes

A

1) Epinephrine (EPI) and Norepinephrine (NE)

39
Q

What does Adrenal cortex secretes?

A

Glucocorticoids (steroid hormones)

40
Q

What does Gonads do?

A

Ovaries secrete estrogens and progesterone
Testes secrete androgens (testosterone)

41
Q

Secrete insulin and glucagon (peptide hormones) - regulation of glucose

A

Islets of Langerhans

42
Q

Secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) - regulate energy metabolism

A

Thyroid Gland

43
Q

Secretes melatonin - control of sleep and other rhythms

A

Pineal gland

44
Q

Secretes hormones that control other glands

A

Pituitary gland

45
Q

Secretes stimulation hormones: TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, and PRL.

A

Anterior pituitary

46
Q

Secretes releasing hormones to trigger secretion of stimulating hormones by the anterior pituirary

A

Hypothalamus

47
Q

Released by neurons in the median eminence

A

Hypothalamic releasing hormones

48
Q

Stimulates TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH.

A

1) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
2) Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
3) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

49
Q

Synthesized in the hypothalamus by neurons whose axons reach the Posterior pituitary gland

A

Vasopressing (VP) and Oxytocin (OT)

50
Q

Can influence a variety of social behaviors, including empathy, altruism, trust, and social memory.

A

Oxytocin research

51
Q

Steroid and thyroid hormones operate mostly through intracellular receptors in the cell nucleus

A

Transcriotion factors

52
Q

Important to Pharmacologists

A

Endocrine System

PSYC 3320 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions