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PTA 148: Orthopedic Managment > Week 2: Ch. 7 - Balance & Coordination > Flashcards

Week 2: Ch. 7 - Balance & Coordination Flashcards

1
Q

Balance

A

Ability to maintain COM over the base of support

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2
Q

Base of Support (BOS)

A

Feet making contact with the floor

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3
Q

Postural Equilibrium (Control System)

A

Balancing all forces acting on the body’s COM
( Somatosensory, Visual, Vestibular ) & Musculoskeletal Systems

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4
Q

Somatosensory Sources

A
  • Plantar surface of foot
  • Joints
  • Muslce Tissue
  • Ligaments
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5
Q

How do you maintain balance?

A

Moving COM anywhere within the BOS

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6
Q

Coordination

A

Ability to produce patterns in the context of environmental objects and events

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7
Q

Neuromuscular Control

A

Subconscious activation of muscles occurring in preparation for joint motion/loading

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8
Q

Proprioception

A

Joint position, Movement, Resistance/Tension

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9
Q

Kinesthesia

A

Awareness of the position and movement of the parts of the body using sensory organs (proprioceptors) in the muscles and joints.

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10
Q

Mechanoreceptors
(Muscle Spindles, Golgi Tendon Organs, Ligaments & Joint Capsule)

A
  • Sensory receptors
  • Convert mechanical events to neural signals
  • Deliverd to Nervous system
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11
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

Convery info on muscle length & rate of length

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12
Q

Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO’s)

A

Convey info on muscle tension

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13
Q

Ligaments & Joints

A

Provide CNS with speed of joint position, movement, and tissue load levels

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14
Q

What are the types of Balance Tests to establish a baseline for patients?

A

Berg and Tinetti Balance, CTSIB, Romberg/Sharpened Romberg Tests

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15
Q

CTSIB Test Procedure

A
  1. Eyes open, stable surface
  2. Eyes closed, stabel surface
  3. Eyes open, unstable surface
  4. Eyes closed, unstable surface
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16
Q

Romberg Test Procedure (Feet Together)
(Test stops if patient opens eyes, moves feet, or starts to fall)

A
  1. Feet together, eyes open, arms to side (60 sec.)
  2. Repeat with (eyes closed)
    (Minimal sway is ok)
17
Q

Semi-tandem Romberg Test Procedure

A

Domiate foot slight in front of non-dominate.

18
Q

Sharpened Romberg Test Procedure

A

Dominate foot placed directly in fron of the non-dominant foot (Tandem)

19
Q

Types of Coordination Test

A
  • Rapid Alternating Movements
  • Finger to Nose
  • Finger Opposition
  • Heel on Shin
  • Tapping foot or hand
  • Throwing and catching a ball
20
Q

Rapid Alternating Movement Test

A

palms down, then up rapidly (10 reps)

21
Q

Finger to Nose Test

A

tip of index finger to tip of the nose

22
Q

Finger Opposition Test

A

tip of each finger with the tip of the thumb

23
Q

Heel on Shin Test

A

slide the heel of leg grom ankle to the knee of the opposite leg (Supine)

24
Q

Tapping Hand or Foot Test

A

tapping while maintaing contact with base

25
Q

Throwing and Catching a Ball Test

A

receive and deliver a ball

26
Q

Postural Stress Test

A

Patient wears a belt attached to a pulley system with weights

27
Q

Balance dysfunction may be related to…

A
  • Perception
  • Behavior
  • Range of motion
  • Biomechanical alignment
  • Weakness
  • Sensory
  • Synergistic organization strategy
  • Coordination
  • Adaptability
28
Q

Tasks and Drills Progression (LE)

A
  1. Progressive balance training from seated position
  2. Progress to standing then reaching and lifting
  3. Use of the physioball or Swiss ball
  4. Vertical weight bearing and progressive balance training
  5. Closed Chain Exercises (Squats, Sidestepping)
29
Q

Seated Exercises

A
  1. Eyes Open/Closed
  2. Postrual Stress
  3. Throwing and Catching a ball
  4. Uneven surface (Swiss Ball)
30
Q

Standing Exercises

A
  1. Changing Incalnation and types of surfaces
  2. Foam Padding
  3. Blance Boards
31
Q

Pertubration

A

unexpected movements

32
Q

Poor Grade

A

Static: Patient requires handhold support and moderate to maximal assistance to maintain position

Dynamic: Patient unable to accept challenge or move without loss of balance

33
Q

Fair Grade

A

Static: Patient able to maintain balance with handhold support (May require occasional minimal assistance)

Dynamic: Patient accepts minimal challenge
(Able to maintain balance while turning head/trunk)

34
Q

Good Grade

A

Static: Patient able to maintain balance without handhold support (Limited postural sway)

Dynamic: Patient accepts moderate challenge
(Maintain balance while picking object off floor)

35
Q

Normal Grade

A

Static: Patient able to maintain steady balance without handhold support

Dynamic: Patient accepts maximal challenge and can shift weight easily within full range in all directions

PTA 148: Orthopedic Managment (9 decks)

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