Week 2 - Cervical Region Flashcards
Involved with deglutition
located at the base of the mandible at the level with the third cervical vertebra (C3)
Hyoid
the body is at the level of C4-C5
Thyroid Cartilage
At the level of C6
Cricoid cartilage
attachment site for trapezius and nuchal ligament
external occipital protuberance
just lateral ot hte EOP
attachment site for trapezius, occipitofrontalis, SCM, and splenius capitis
Superior nuchal line
Attachment site for occipitofrontalis, sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis
Contains air cells
mastoid processes
Below the mastoid process and further midline.
Attachment site for rectus capitis lateralis, obliqus capitis superior, obliqus capitis inferior, levator scapulae muscle, splenius cervicis, medial scalene
Transverse Process of C1
Midline bony projections from C2-C7
In the cervical region the spinous process are bifid to accommodate muscle attachments
Spinous process
Longest and most prominent spinous process which is palpable from the skin surface
C7 - VERTEBRAL PROMINENS
Lateral to the spinous process.
This area contains the superior and inferior articular process and facet joints which will be the target for cervical manipulations.
Cervical lamina groove
face superior, posterior, and medially
superior facets
inferior, anterior, and laterally
inferior facets
Located superficially to the trachea on the anterior neck
INFRAHYOID MUSLCES
Antagonist to suprahyoids
Located just to the side of the trachea
sternohyoid
Antagonist to suprahyoids
Located just to the side of the trachea
sternothyroid
Antagonist to suprahyoids
Located just to the side of thyroid cartilage
thyrohyoid
Antagonist to suprahyoids
Most superficial infrahyoid
Runs from the hyoid bone, passing underneath the SCM and scalenes, to the scapula.
Aside from depressing the hyoid, the…. tightens the fascia of the neck and dilates the internal jugular vein
omohyoid
Tucked between the trachea and the anterior cervical vertebrae
Deep cervical flexors
Attaching from the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae to the occiput and atlas
Laterally flex, rotate, and flex the head and neck
Help to reduce the lordotic curve of the cervical vertebrae
A multi-branched appearance similar to that of the erector spinae muscles.
LONGUS CAPITIS
Tucked between the trachea and the anterior cervical vertebrae
Deep cervical flexors
Attaching from the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae
Laterally flex, rotate, and flex the neck
Help to reduce the lordotic curve of the cervical vertebrae
A multi-branched appearance similar to that of the erector spinae muscles
LONGUS COLLI
Located on the lateral and anterior aspects of the neck
Contralateral head rotator
It has a large belly with two heads: a flat, clavicular head and a slender, sternal head
Both heads merge to attach behind the ear at the mastoid process.
The carotid artery passes deep and medial to the…..; the external jugular vein lies superficial to it.
SCM
Lies partially tucked beneath the sternocleidomastoid.
Fibers begin at the side of the cervical vertebrae, dive underneath the clavicle and attach to the first rib.
During normal inhalation, elevates the upper ribs
The three …… are sandwiched between the sternocleidomastoid and the anterior flap of the trapezius on the anterior, lateral neck.
the subclavian artery also passes behind
ANTERIOR SCALENE
Slightly larger and lies lateral to the anterior scalene
Fibers begin at the side of the cervical vertebrae, dive underneath the clavicle and attach to the first rib.
During normal inhalation, elevates the upper ribs
MIDDLE SCALENE
Smallest muscle belly, located between the middle scalene and levator scapula. Positioned deeper than the other scalenes
Fibers begin at the side of the cervical vertebrae, dive underneath the clavicle and attach to the second rib.
During normal inhalation, elevates the upper ribs
POSTERIOR SCALENE
carries neurologic information from the cervical spine to the upper extremity.
passes between the anterior and middle scalene
brachial plexus
Lies superficially along the upper back and neck.
Its broad, thin fibers blanket the shoulders, attaching to the occiput lateral clavicle, scapula, and spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae.
TRAPEZIUS
upper fibers
antagonist to scapular depression
descending fibers
lower fibers
antagonist to scapular elevation
ascending fibers
The eight small suboccipitals are the deepest muscles of the upper posterior neck. They are involved in stabilizing the axis and atlas and in creating intrinsic movements such as rocking and tilting of the head.
Deep neck extensor and rotator
Rock and tilt the head back into extension
Rotate the head to the same side
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Deep neck extensor
Rock and tilt the head back into extension
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Deep lateral flexor
Laterally flex the head to the same side
Oblique Capitis Superior
Deep rotator
Rotate the head to the same side
Oblique Capitis Inferior
50 – 70 degrees
Muscles activated:
SCM, longus cervicis, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior
Tissue stretched:
Trapezius, splenius cervicis & capitis, longissimus capitis, suboccipitalis, nuchal ligament, interspinous ligament, posterior IVD, posterior facet joints
Tissue compressed:
Anterior neck muscles, trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries
CERVICAL FLEXION
50 – 70 degrees
Muscles activated:
Trapezius (upper), splenius cervicis & capitis, longissimus capitis, suboccipitals
Tissue stretched:
Anterior neck muscles, anterior longitudinal ligament, anterior IVD, trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries
Tissue compressed:
Posterior neck muscles, posterior IVD, facet joints
CERVICAL EXTENSION
45 – 60 degrees
Muscles activated:
Ipsilateral: trapezius (upper), splenius cervicis & capitis, longissimus capitis, levator scapulae, suboccipitals
Tissue stretched:
Contralateral: trapezius (upper), longissimus capitis, SCM, lateral IVD, carotid artery, facet joints
Tissue compressed:
Ipsilateral: trapezius (upper), longissimus capitis, SCM, lateral IVD, carotid artery, facet joints
CERVICAL LATERAL FLEXION
45 – 60 degrees
Muscles activated:
Ipsilateral: trapezius (upper), splenius cervicis & capitis, longissimus capitis, levator scapulae, suboccipitals
Tissue stretched:
Contralateral: trapezius (upper), longissimus capitis, SCM, lateral IVD, carotid artery, facet joints
Tissue compressed:
Ipsilateral: trapezius (upper), longissimus capitis, SCM, lateral IVD, carotid artery, facet joints
CERVICAL ROTATION
MYOTOME - CN 11
TRAPS
MYOTOME - CN 11
SCM
MYOTOME - C4-C6
SCALENES
MYOTOME
C5 (C6)
DELTOID
MYOTOME
C6 (C5)
BICEPS
MYOTOMES
C7 (C6, C8)
TRICEPS
MYOTOMES
C8 (T1)
WRIST ULNAR DEVIATION
MYOTOME
T1 (C8)
FINGER ABDUCTION
One cm lateral to the EOP
C2
Apex of the supraclavicular fossa
C3
: Over the acromio-clavicular joint
C4
Lateral side of the anticubital fossa proximal to the elbow
C5
Dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx fo the thumb
C6
Dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx fo the middle finger
C7
Dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx fo the little finger
C8
Medial side of the anticubital fossa proximal to the medial epicondyle
T1
