Week 1 Material Flashcards
STRETCHING TEARING DRAWING CRAMPING DULL
Quality of pain for MUSCLE
PINCHING
CRUSHING
SHARP
STIFFNESS
Quality of pain for LIGAMENT/TENDON
KNIFELIKE
STABBING
Quality of pain for JOINTS
PINCHING
CRUSHING
KNIFELIKE
STABBING
Quality of pain for FACIA
PRICKLING NUMBNESS BURNING PINCHING CRUSHING
Quality of pain for NERVES
BURNING
Quality of pain for PERIOSTEUM
DULL
BORING
Quality of pain for BONE
SHARP
THROBBING
HOT
Quality of pain for INFECTION
THROBBING
Quality of pain for VASCULAR
Arises from superficial soft tissues, usually well localized (eg. cut in skin)
DERMAL PAIN
Deep somatic tissues typically deep, aching & somewhat localized (eg. muscle strain)
SCLEROTOMIC PAIN
Internal organ capsule distention or ischemia, deep achy, cramping pain that may be sharp at times, often poorly localized and may be immobilizing in more severe cases (eg. intestinal cramps, PMS, heart attack, appendicitis)
VISCERAL PAIN
Nerve roots, often described as shooting, electrical and/or burning and in a dermatomal pattern (nerve root compression)
RADICULAR PAIN
Nerve compression distal to the nerve roots
PERIPHERAL NERVE PAIN
Arises from direct changes in neural pathways & perception of the brain, felt by amputees in the area of the missing limb
PHANTOM PAIN
Pain felt at a site other than where the cause is situated; pain in internal organs or myofascial trigger points (MFTP) is often referred to other locations.
REFERRED PAIN
Refers to pain associated with the acute stage of inflammation, however can be described as pain that is unbearable, usually first 48-72 hours.
ACUTE PAIN
Pain after the acute stage but not yet chronic (>72 hrs)
Sub Acute
Refers to pain associated with the stages healing after the resolution of the inflammatory response. commonly used in reference to pain of long duration more than 3 months.
CHRONIC PAIN
TRUE OR FALSE:
Inspection begins AFTER you see the patient
FALSE - inspection begins THE MOMENT you see the patient
(increase in tenderness, decrease in sensitivity, anesthetic quality, paresthesias, etc.) result following palpation
SENSORY CHANGES
(spasm, boggy muscle, ropy muscle, atrophy, edema, oiliness, dryness, hyperhidrosis, pigment changes, etc.)
TISSUE TENSION CHANGES
(positional findings where one side does not compare to the other)
ASYMMETRY
(A form of asymmetry where motion testing results in findings of relative limitation of motion in at least one direction and the components of other directions can be concluded or implied)
RESTRICTION OF MOTION
Likely indicates a soft tissue origin the patient’s concern
Full pROM and limited aROM
Likely indicates an osseous origin to the patient’s concern
Limited pROM and limited aROM:
Likely indicates a muscular origin to the patient’s concern
Painful rROM
No muscle contraction is seen
Zero - 0
myotome testing
Flicker or trace of contraction is seen
1- TRACE
Myotome testing
Active movement only with gravity eliminated
2 - POOR
Myotome testing
Active movement against gravity but not resistance
3- FAIR
Myotome testing
Active movement against gravity with some resistance
4- GOOD
Myotome testing
Active movement against gravity with full resistance
5- NORMAL
Myotome testing
ASIA Acronym
American Spinal Cord Injury Association
nerve roots that span multiple sensory nerves (in most cases)
DERMATOMES
TRUE OR FALSE:
Dermatomal distribution of sensory loss or pain indicates a NERVE ROOT problem
TRUE
cutaneous nerves that innervate the skin around their path.
SENSORY NERVES
TRUE OR FALSE
Sensory distribution of sensory loss or pain indicates a specific NERVE PROBLEM
TRUE
REFLEX ABSENT
0
DEEP TENDON REFLEX
1
Reflex diminished but present
2 - DEEP TENDON REFLEX
Normal
3 - DEEP TENDON REFLEX
Reflex increased
4- DEEP TENDON REFLEX
Reflex increased with clonus present
UPPER EXTREMITY REFLEXES
C5, C6, C7
LOWER EXTREMITY REFLEXES
L4, L5, S1
UPPER EXTREMITY TEST
HOFFMAN’S SIGN
LOWER EXTREMITY TEST
Babinski Sign
damage to neuron at the brain or spinal cord
upper motor neuron lesion
damage to a neuron at the ventral horn or after
lower motor neuron lesions
Inhibitory effect on muscle stretch reflex (Function)
Spastic (Paralysis)
Hyperreflexia with clonus (Deep Tendon Reflex)
Hypertonic (Muscle Tone)
Disuse atrophy (Muscle Mass)
None (Fasciculations)
Positive (Babinski Sign)
Abdominal & cremasteric lost (Other Reflexes)
Decreased speed (Voluntary Movement)
Large area (Area Involved)
UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION
Motor component of muscle reflex (function Flacid (paralysis) Hyporreflexia (deep tendon reflex) Hypotonic (muscle tone) Wasting atrophy (Muscle mass) Present (fasciculations) Negative (Babinski sign) Present (other reflexes) Not present (voluntary movement) Small area (Area involved)
LOWER MOTOR NEURON LESION
