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Anatomy and Physiology > Week 2: Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Week 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of acid?

A

a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; proton donor

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2
Q

What is the definition of active site?

A

region on the surface of a globular protein (such as an enzyme) where it interacts with other molecules of complementary shape and charge (such as substrate)

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3
Q

What is the definition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

A

a modified nucleotide with two phosphates instead of one

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4
Q

What is the definition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

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5
Q

What is the definition of alpha helix?

A

secondary structure of protein folding in which the amino acid chain coils into a shape like a spring

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6
Q

What is the definition of amino acid?

A

an organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ; the building block of protein

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7
Q

What is the definition of atom?

A

the smallest part of an element

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8
Q

What is the definition of atomic mass number?

A

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom; also known as mass number

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9
Q

What is the definition of atomic nucleus?

A

the centre of an atom, where protons and neutrons are located

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10
Q

What is the definition of atomic number?

A

the number of protons in an atom

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11
Q

What is the definition of atomic symbol?

A

a one or two letter symbol indicating a particular element

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12
Q

What is the definition of atomic weight?

A

average of the mass number of all the isotopes of an elemtn

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13
Q

What is the definition of base?

A

a substance that accepts ions; proton acceptor with acid

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14
Q

What is the definition of beta pleated sheet?

A

secondary structure of protein folding in which side by side amino acid chains fold into a ribbonlike structure similar to an accordion

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15
Q

What is the definition of buffer?

A

a substance(s) that helps to stabilize the pH of a solution

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16
Q

What is the definition of carbohydrate?

A

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, and cellulose

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17
Q

What is the definition of catalyst?

A

substance that increases rate of a chemical reaction

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18
Q

What is the definition of chemical bond?

A

an energy relationship holding atoms together

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19
Q

What is the definition of chemical energy?

A

energy form stored in chemical bonds

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20
Q

What is the definition of chemical reaction?

A

process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down

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21
Q

What is the definition of cholesterol?

A

a steroid found in most animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver

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22
Q

What is the definition of compound?

A

substance composed of two or more different elements, the Amons of which are chemically united

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23
Q

What is the definition of covalent bond?

A

a bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms

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24
Q

What is the definition of decomposition reaction?

A

a destructive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpler ones

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25
Q

What is the definition of dehydration synthesis?

A

process by which a large molecular is synthesized from smaller ones by removal of a water molecules at each site of bond formation

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26
Q

What is the definition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A

nucleus acid founding all living cells, carries the organism hereditary information

27
Q

What is the definition of disaccharide?

A

double sugar

28
Q

What is the definition of electrical energy?

A

energy forming resulting from the movement of charged particles

29
Q

What is the definition of electrolyte?

A

a substance that breaks down into ions when a solution and is capable of conducting an electric current

30
Q

What is the definition of electron?

A

negatively charged subatomic particle; orbits the atomic nucleus

31
Q

What is the definition of electron shell?

A

the region of space around an atomic nucleus where electrons are found, also called energy level

32
Q

What is the definition of element?

A

any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon

33
Q

What is the definition of energy?

A

the ability to do work

34
Q

What is the definition of enzyme?

A

a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body

35
Q

What is the definition of exchange reaction?

A

a chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms combined with different atoms

36
Q

What is the definition of fatty acid?

A

a building block of fat

37
Q

What is the definition of fibrous protein?

A

a strandlike protein that appears most often in body structures

38
Q

What is the definition of globular protein?

A

a protein whose functional structure is basically spherical

39
Q

What is the definition of glucose?

A

the principal sugar in the blood, monosaccharide

40
Q

What is the definition of glycerol?

A

a sugar alcohol, building block of fat

41
Q

What is the definition of hydrogen bond?

A

weak bond in which a hydrogen atom form a bridge between two electron sundry atoms

42
Q

What is the definition of hydrolysis?

A

the prices in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles

43
Q

What is the definition of hydrophilic?

A

interacting or liking water

44
Q

What is the definition of hydrophobic?

A

not liking water

45
Q

What is the definition of inorganic compound?

A

a compound that lacks carbon, for example, water

46
Q

What is the definition of ion?

A

an atom with a positive or negative charge

47
Q

What is the definition of ionic bond?

A

bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another

48
Q

What is the definition of isotope?

A

different atomic form of the same element

49
Q

What is the definition of kinetic energy?

A

energy of motion

50
Q

What is the definition of lipid?

A

organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

51
Q

What is the definition of matter?

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

52
Q

What is the definition of mechanical energy?

A

energy form directly involving in putting matter into motion

53
Q

What is the definition of molecule?

A

particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

54
Q

What is the definition of monomer?

A

single repeating unit that combines to form a polymer

55
Q

What is the definition of monosaccharide?

A

one sugar

56
Q

What is the definition of monounsaturated?

A

name given to fats with one double bond

57
Q

What is the definition of neutral fats?

A

dietary fats, also called triglycerides

58
Q

What is the definition of neutralization?

A

chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base

59
Q

What is the definition of neutron?

A

uncharges subatomic particle; founding the atomic nucleus

60
Q

What is the definition of nucleotide?

A

building blocks of nucleic acid

61
Q

What is the definition of orbital model?

A

atomic model that describes the regions around the atomic nucleus where electrons are like to be located

62
Q

What is the definition of organic model?

A
63
Q

What is the definition of organic model?

A

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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