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Anatomy and Physiology > Week 2: Basic Chemistry > Flashcards

Week 2: Basic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of acid?

A

a substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; proton donor

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2
Q

What is the definition of active site?

A

region on the surface of a globular protein (such as an enzyme) where it interacts with other molecules of complementary shape and charge (such as substrate)

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3
Q

What is the definition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

A

a modified nucleotide with two phosphates instead of one

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4
Q

What is the definition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

the compound that is the important intracellular energy source; cellular energy

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5
Q

What is the definition of alpha helix?

A

secondary structure of protein folding in which the amino acid chain coils into a shape like a spring

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6
Q

What is the definition of amino acid?

A

an organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ; the building block of protein

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7
Q

What is the definition of atom?

A

the smallest part of an element

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8
Q

What is the definition of atomic mass number?

A

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom; also known as mass number

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9
Q

What is the definition of atomic nucleus?

A

the centre of an atom, where protons and neutrons are located

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10
Q

What is the definition of atomic number?

A

the number of protons in an atom

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11
Q

What is the definition of atomic symbol?

A

a one or two letter symbol indicating a particular element

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12
Q

What is the definition of atomic weight?

A

average of the mass number of all the isotopes of an elemtn

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13
Q

What is the definition of base?

A

a substance that accepts ions; proton acceptor with acid

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14
Q

What is the definition of beta pleated sheet?

A

secondary structure of protein folding in which side by side amino acid chains fold into a ribbonlike structure similar to an accordion

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15
Q

What is the definition of buffer?

A

a substance(s) that helps to stabilize the pH of a solution

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16
Q

What is the definition of carbohydrate?

A

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, and cellulose

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17
Q

What is the definition of catalyst?

A

substance that increases rate of a chemical reaction

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18
Q

What is the definition of chemical bond?

A

an energy relationship holding atoms together

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19
Q

What is the definition of chemical energy?

A

energy form stored in chemical bonds

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20
Q

What is the definition of chemical reaction?

A

process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down

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21
Q

What is the definition of cholesterol?

A

a steroid found in most animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver

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22
Q

What is the definition of compound?

A

substance composed of two or more different elements, the Amons of which are chemically united

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23
Q

What is the definition of covalent bond?

A

a bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms

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24
Q

What is the definition of decomposition reaction?

A

a destructive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpler ones

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25
What is the definition of dehydration synthesis?
process by which a large molecular is synthesized from smaller ones by removal of a water molecules at each site of bond formation
26
What is the definition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
nucleus acid founding all living cells, carries the organism hereditary information
27
What is the definition of disaccharide?
double sugar
28
What is the definition of electrical energy?
energy forming resulting from the movement of charged particles
29
What is the definition of electrolyte?
a substance that breaks down into ions when a solution and is capable of conducting an electric current
30
What is the definition of electron?
negatively charged subatomic particle; orbits the atomic nucleus
31
What is the definition of electron shell?
the region of space around an atomic nucleus where electrons are found, also called energy level
32
What is the definition of element?
any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
33
What is the definition of energy?
the ability to do work
34
What is the definition of enzyme?
a substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body
35
What is the definition of exchange reaction?
a chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms combined with different atoms
36
What is the definition of fatty acid?
a building block of fat
37
What is the definition of fibrous protein?
a strandlike protein that appears most often in body structures
38
What is the definition of globular protein?
a protein whose functional structure is basically spherical
39
What is the definition of glucose?
the principal sugar in the blood, monosaccharide
40
What is the definition of glycerol?
a sugar alcohol, building block of fat
41
What is the definition of hydrogen bond?
weak bond in which a hydrogen atom form a bridge between two electron sundry atoms
42
What is the definition of hydrolysis?
the prices in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles
43
What is the definition of hydrophilic?
interacting or liking water
44
What is the definition of hydrophobic?
not liking water
45
What is the definition of inorganic compound?
a compound that lacks carbon, for example, water
46
What is the definition of ion?
an atom with a positive or negative charge
47
What is the definition of ionic bond?
bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
48
What is the definition of isotope?
different atomic form of the same element
49
What is the definition of kinetic energy?
energy of motion
50
What is the definition of lipid?
organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
51
What is the definition of matter?
anything that occupies space and has mass
52
What is the definition of mechanical energy?
energy form directly involving in putting matter into motion
53
What is the definition of molecule?
particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
54
What is the definition of monomer?
single repeating unit that combines to form a polymer
55
What is the definition of monosaccharide?
one sugar
56
What is the definition of monounsaturated?
name given to fats with one double bond
57
What is the definition of neutral fats?
dietary fats, also called triglycerides
58
What is the definition of neutralization?
chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base
59
What is the definition of neutron?
uncharges subatomic particle; founding the atomic nucleus
60
What is the definition of nucleotide?
building blocks of nucleic acid
61
What is the definition of orbital model?
atomic model that describes the regions around the atomic nucleus where electrons are like to be located
62
What is the definition of organic model?
63
What is the definition of organic model?

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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