WEEK 2: ASSESSMENT OF POSTURE Flashcards
Define: normal posture
Normal posture: The position in which minimum stress is applied to each joint
Define: abnormal posture
Any static position that increases the
stress to the joint
Structural deformities factors
- congenital anomalies
- developmental problems
- trauma
- disease
Functional deformities factors
- poor postural habit
- muscle imbalance
- muscle contracture
- pain
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of torticollis
Correlated postures
- rotation to same side limited
- side flexion to opposite side limited
no compensatory postures
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of lateral pelvic tilt
Correlated Postures
* Ipsilateral hip abduction
* Weak contralateral adductors
Compensatory Postures
* Contralateral lumbar lateral
flexion
* Tight ipsilateral adductors
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of anterior rotation of one ilium on sacrum (single leg stance)
Correlated postures
- Ipsilateral hip medial rotation
- Medial facing patella
- In-toeing
- Pronation of foot
- Long leg
Compensatory postures
- Contralateral lumbar rotation
- Scoliosis—concavity to contralateral side
- Knee flexion
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of coxa vara
Correlated Postures
- Pronated subtalar joint
- Medial rotation of leg
- Short ipsilateral leg
- Anterior pelvic rotation
Compensatory Postures
- Ipsilateral subtalar supination
- Contralateral subtalar pronation
- Ipsilateral plantar flexion
- Contralateral genu recurvatum
- Contralateral hip and/or knee flexion
- Ipsilateral posterior pelvic rotation and ipsilateral lumbar rotation
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of coxa valga
Correlated Postures
Supinated subtalar joint
Lateral rotation of leg
Long ipsilateral leg
Posterior pelvic tilt
Compensatory Postures
Ippsilateral subtalar pronation
Contralateral subtalar supination
Contralateral plantar flexion
Ipsilateral genu recurvatum
Ipsilateral hip and/or knee flexion
Ipsilateral anterior pelvic rotation and contralateral lumbar rotation
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of genu valgum
Correlated Postures
Pes planus
Excessive subtalar pronation
Lateral tibial torsion
Excessive hip adduction
Ipsilateral hip excessive medial rotation
Lumbar spine contralateral rotation
Compensatory Postures
Forefoot varus
Excessive subtalar supination to allow the lateral heel to contact the ground
In-toeing to decrease lateral pelvic sway during gait
Ipsilateral pelvic lateral rotation
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of genu varum
Correlated Postures
Excessive lateral angulation of the tibia in the frontal plane; tibial varum
Medial tibial torsion
Ipsilateral hip lateral rotation
Excessive hip abduction
Compensatory Postures
Forefoot valgus
Excessive subtalar pronation to allow the medial heel to contact the ground
Ipsilateral pelvic medial rotation
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of forward head posture
Correlated Postures
Extension of cervical spine
Protracted scapula
Compensatory Postures
Increased kyphosis in thoracic spine
Increased lordosis in lumbar spine
Medially rotated humerus
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of round back
Correlated Postures
- Extension of cervical spine
- Protracted scapula
Compensatory Postures
- Forward head posture
- Hips flexed
- Knees extended
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of sway back
Correlated Postures
- Pelvic neutral or posterior tilt
Compensatory Postures
- Pelvis slides anterior
- Kyphosis
- Hips extended
- Knees extended
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of lordosis back
Correlated Postures
- Pelvis anteriorly tilted
- Tight hip flexors
Compensatory Postures
- Knees extended
- Ankles plantar flexed
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of anterior pelvic tilt
Correlated Postures
Hip flexion (tight hip flexors)
Compensatory Postures
Lumbar extension (increased lordosis)
Hyperextended knees
Poking chin (cervical extension)
Rounded shoulders (protracted scapula)
Thoracic kyphosis
Ankles plantar flexed
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of posterior pelvic tilt
Correlated Postures
Hip extension
Compensatory Postures
Lumbar flexion (flat back)
Hips extended
Knees extended
Forward head posture
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of genu recurvatum
Correlated Postures
Ankle plantar flexion
Excessive anterior pelvic tilt
Compensatory Postures
Posterior pelvic tilt
Flexed trunk posture
Excessive thoracic kyphosis
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of scoliosis
Correlated Postures
Side flexion to convex side limited
Rotation to convex side limited
Rib hump on convex side
Compensatory Postures
Secondary curve in lumbar spine
3 dimensional!
Define: right thoracic curve
Define: right thoracolumbar curve
Define: left lumbar curve
Define: right thoracic and left lumbar curve (double major curve)
Define: scapular winging
- Inferior medial border or whole medial border can be prominent
- This deformity may indicate weakness of the serratus anterior; rhomboids; lower, middle, and upper trapezius; a long thoracic nerve problem
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of rearfoot varus
Correlated Postures
Tibial; tibial and femoral; or tibial, femoral, and pelvic lateral rotation
Compensatory Postures
Excessive medial rotation along the lower quarter chain
Hallux valgus
Plantar flexed first ray
Functional forefoot valgus
Excessive or prolonged midtarsal pronation
Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of forefoot varus
Correlated Postures
Subtalar supination and related rotation along the lower quarter
Compensatory Postures
Plantar flexed first ray
Hallux valgus
Excessive midtarsal or subtalar pronation or prolonged pronation
Excessive tibial; tibial and femoral; or tibial, femoral, and pelvic medial rotation, or all with contralateral lumbar spine rotation
