WEEK 2: ASSESSMENT OF POSTURE

Question 1

Define: normal posture

Answer 1

Normal posture: The position in which minimum stress is applied to each joint

Question 2

Define: abnormal posture

Answer 2

Any static position that increases the
stress to the joint

Question 3

Structural deformities factors

Answer 3

• congenital anomalies
• developmental problems
• trauma
• disease

Question 4

Functional deformities factors

Answer 4

• poor postural habit
• muscle imbalance
• muscle contracture
• pain

Question 5

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of torticollis

Answer 5

Correlated postures
- rotation to same side limited
- side flexion to opposite side limited

no compensatory postures

Question 6

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of lateral pelvic tilt

Answer 6

Correlated Postures
* Ipsilateral hip abduction
* Weak contralateral adductors

Compensatory Postures
* Contralateral lumbar lateral
flexion
* Tight ipsilateral adductors

Question 7

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of anterior rotation of one ilium on sacrum (single leg stance)

Answer 7

Correlated postures
- Ipsilateral hip medial rotation
- Medial facing patella
- In-toeing
- Pronation of foot
- Long leg

Compensatory postures
- Contralateral lumbar rotation
- Scoliosis—concavity to contralateral side
- Knee flexion

Question 8

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of coxa vara

Answer 8

Correlated Postures
- Pronated subtalar joint
- Medial rotation of leg
- Short ipsilateral leg
- Anterior pelvic rotation

Compensatory Postures
- Ipsilateral subtalar supination
- Contralateral subtalar pronation
- Ipsilateral plantar flexion
- Contralateral genu recurvatum
- Contralateral hip and/or knee flexion
- Ipsilateral posterior pelvic rotation and ipsilateral lumbar rotation

Question 9

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of coxa valga

Answer 9

Correlated Postures
Supinated subtalar joint
Lateral rotation of leg
Long ipsilateral leg
Posterior pelvic tilt
Compensatory Postures
Ippsilateral subtalar pronation
Contralateral subtalar supination
Contralateral plantar flexion
Ipsilateral genu recurvatum
Ipsilateral hip and/or knee flexion
Ipsilateral anterior pelvic rotation and contralateral lumbar rotation

Question 10

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of genu valgum

Answer 10

Correlated Postures
Pes planus
Excessive subtalar pronation
Lateral tibial torsion
Excessive hip adduction
Ipsilateral hip excessive medial rotation
Lumbar spine contralateral rotation
Compensatory Postures
Forefoot varus
Excessive subtalar supination to allow the lateral heel to contact the ground
In-toeing to decrease lateral pelvic sway during gait
Ipsilateral pelvic lateral rotation

Question 11

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of genu varum

Answer 11

Correlated Postures
Excessive lateral angulation of the tibia in the frontal plane; tibial varum
Medial tibial torsion
Ipsilateral hip lateral rotation
Excessive hip abduction
Compensatory Postures
Forefoot valgus
Excessive subtalar pronation to allow the medial heel to contact the ground
Ipsilateral pelvic medial rotation

Question 12

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of forward head posture

Answer 12

Correlated Postures
Extension of cervical spine
Protracted scapula
Compensatory Postures
Increased kyphosis in thoracic spine
Increased lordosis in lumbar spine
Medially rotated humerus

Question 13

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of round back

Answer 13

Correlated Postures
- Extension of cervical spine
- Protracted scapula
Compensatory Postures
- Forward head posture
- Hips flexed
- Knees extended

Question 14

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of sway back

Answer 14

Correlated Postures
- Pelvic neutral or posterior tilt
Compensatory Postures
- Pelvis slides anterior
- Kyphosis
- Hips extended
- Knees extended

Question 15

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of lordosis back

Answer 15

Correlated Postures
- Pelvis anteriorly tilted
- Tight hip flexors
Compensatory Postures
- Knees extended
- Ankles plantar flexed

Question 16

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 16

Correlated Postures
Hip flexion (tight hip flexors)
Compensatory Postures
Lumbar extension (increased lordosis)
Hyperextended knees
Poking chin (cervical extension)
Rounded shoulders (protracted scapula)
Thoracic kyphosis
Ankles plantar flexed

Question 17

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of posterior pelvic tilt

Answer 17

Correlated Postures
Hip extension
Compensatory Postures
Lumbar flexion (flat back)
Hips extended
Knees extended
Forward head posture

Question 18

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of genu recurvatum

Answer 18

Correlated Postures
Ankle plantar flexion
Excessive anterior pelvic tilt
Compensatory Postures
Posterior pelvic tilt
Flexed trunk posture
Excessive thoracic kyphosis

Question 19

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of scoliosis

Answer 19

Correlated Postures
Side flexion to convex side limited
Rotation to convex side limited
Rib hump on convex side
Compensatory Postures
Secondary curve in lumbar spine

3 dimensional!

Question 20

Define: right thoracic curve

Question 21

Define: right thoracolumbar curve

Question 22

Define: left lumbar curve

Question 23

Define: right thoracic and left lumbar curve (double major curve)

Question 24

Define: scapular winging

Answer 24

• Inferior medial border or whole medial border can be prominent
• This deformity may indicate weakness of the serratus anterior; rhomboids; lower, middle, and upper trapezius; a long thoracic nerve problem

Question 25

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of rearfoot varus

Answer 25

Correlated Postures
Tibial; tibial and femoral; or tibial, femoral, and pelvic lateral rotation
Compensatory Postures
Excessive medial rotation along the lower quarter chain
Hallux valgus
Plantar flexed first ray
Functional forefoot valgus
Excessive or prolonged midtarsal pronation

Question 26

Describe the correlated postures and compensatory postures of forefoot varus

Answer 26

Correlated Postures
Subtalar supination and related rotation along the lower quarter

Compensatory Postures
Plantar flexed first ray
Hallux valgus
Excessive midtarsal or subtalar pronation or prolonged pronation
Excessive tibial; tibial and femoral; or tibial, femoral, and pelvic medial rotation, or all with contralateral lumbar spine rotation