week 2 and 3

Question 1

hereditary

Answer 1

genetic transmission of heritable characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

cells nucleus making the exact copy of all chromosomes and divides into two cells

Question 3

meiosis

Answer 3

the gamete’s chromosome duplicates, and then divides twice results in four cells containing only half of the genetic material of the origional gamete

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

the observable traits of a person (eye color, skin color, and hair)

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

underlying genetic makeup that contains both expresses and unexpressed characteristics

Question 6

passive genotype environment

Answer 6

children passivley inherit genes and envionrment

Question 7

active genotype correlation

Answer 7

genetic susceptibility to the environment

Question 8

Epigenetics

Answer 8

refers to the chemical molecules attaches to a gene that alters the way a cell reads the DNA
- turns genes on or off

Question 9

Germinal period

Answer 9

14 days long, conception to implantation, and then implants on the uterine wall

Question 10

Embryonic Stage

Answer 10

• the organs and major body systems develop rapidly
  
  • includes respiratory, digestive and nervous system
  • this is when miscarriages: the expulsion of an embryo that is unable to survive outside the womb

Question 11

Fetal Stage

Answer 11

• the appearance of the first bone cells signals this stage
• characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size

Question 12

Ultrasound

Answer 12

prenatal medical procedure using high frequency sound waves to detect the outline of a fetus and its movements

Question 13

Nuerogenesis

Answer 13

the formation fo nuerons is largely completed after 5 months of gestation

Question 14

Teratogen

Answer 14

environmental agent that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause developmental abnormalities

Question 15

Newborn

Answer 15

a baby is considered a newborn until ages 1-2 months

• weight an average of 7.5 pounds but can vary
• they typically lose weight in the first few days after birth

Question 16

Synaptic Blooming

Answer 16

• overproductions of synapses beings in infancy into toddlerhood
• it is largly under genetic control
• certian enviornments the infants are in depends on the amount of synaptic blooming. The worse your enviornment the less blooming occurs and vice versa

Question 17

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 17

nueral connections are reduced thereby making those that are used much stronger (allowing for higher order thinking)

Question 18

Neuroplasticity

Answer 18

the brain’s ability to change both physically and chemically to enhance its adaptability to environmental change and compensate for an injury. This happens more when we are younger.

Question 19

infant sleep

Answer 19

Newborns sleep 2/3rds of the day aka 16 hours every day
- more time spent in REM stage of sleep

Question 20

Motor development: 2 months

Answer 20

holds head up and moves both arms and both legs, looks at toy for several seconds

Question 21

Motor development: 4 months

Answer 21

when lying on stomach they puch up their elbows, holds head steady, can roll over from tummy to back and pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface

Question 22

Motor development: 5 months

Answer 22

hands shape to achieve goals

Question 23

Motor Development: 6 months

Answer 23

pushes up with straight arms on their tummy and leans on hands to support themselves when sitting, and can percieve depth and binocular vision

Question 24

Motor development: 9 months

Answer 24

pincer grasp (use forefinger and thumb to grasp)

Question 25

Motor Development: 10 months

Answer 25

arm trajectory and speed match goal

Question 26

Infant Perception

Answer 26

- Newborns have poor vision. Their fovea is not fully developed yet - they respond best to high contrast (black and white objects) - vision improves across the first year of life - at 6 months infants can percieve depth and binocular vision

Question 27

Hearing

Answer 27

- newborns hearing is good - they prefer familiar voices and languages - 8-10 months: can distinguish differences between phonemes in any language - this goes away at 10-12 months

Question 28

Smell and Taste

Answer 28

- newborns prefer the smell of thir mother - can distiguish between salty, sweet, sour and bitter - have a sweet craving

Question 29

Smell and Taste

Answer 29

0-6 months needs to have proper maternal nuitrition and exclusive breast feeding and the future impact of this is that a mother that is malnurished during pregnancy increases the risk of pre-term birth and low birth weight.