Week 2 - A - Ocular Trauma Flashcards
What are the layers of the cornea? What dye is used to assess these layers?
Epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, stroma, descemet’s membrane and endothelium Fluorescein dye
What kind of fracture can occur due to blunt trauma to the orbit?
Can cause a blowout fracture to occur
What is the process of the blowout fracture?
Blunt trauma to orbit Results in the pressure hitting the eye being forced downwards causing the (usually maxillary bone) to fracture and eye contents are herniated through
What muscle can be caught in a orbital blowout fracture? What two things can this cause?
Inferior rectus can be caught This cause an inability to look up and vertical double vision
What is the treatment of an orbital blowout fracture?
Treatment is surgery
What is the usual red eye known as which is caused by blood thinners?
Subconjunctival haemorrhage - presents with injected vessels
usually occurs due to trauma causing blood vessels to rupture – patient can be sensitive to light This is blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, what is this known as?
Hyphaema
Usually need topical anaesthetic drops such as oxybuprocaine or tetracaine in order to examine the eye with corneal abrasion What are some of the causes of corneal abrasions?
Foreign body in the eye Eye being poked with a finger
What is a good treatment for a corneal abrasion?
Topical chloramphenicol
Dendritic ulcer on cornea, what is the cause?
Herpes simplex keratitis
Treatment of herpes simplex keratitis?
Acyclovir ointment
What condition is it where you can get flashers and floaters?
Retinal detachment
What are the risk factors for retinal detachment?
Ageing and severe nearsightedness (myopia)
What is the test used to assess the presence of anterior chamber leakage in the cornea? What do you visualise the light under? * It is used as a screening test for many corneal disorders including corneal post-trauma, corneal perforation and corneal degeneration.
Siedel’s test - put fluroscein dye on the eye. When instilled into the eye, the dye is taken up by defects in the cornea such as abrasions or lacerations. Seidel test is positive when the fluorescein dilutes in the aqueous humor and causes it to fluoresce bright green and stream down the eye with gravity. Visualise the eye under cobalt blue light
Penetrating injury to one eye exposure of intra-ocular antigens auto-immune reaction in both eyes Inflammation in both eyes What is this?
Sympathetic opthalmia
For chemical burns, do acids or alkali damage the eye more?
Alkali are more dangerous as they can penetrate intra-ocular structures Acids however coagulate with the proteins and therefore do not penetrate deeper into the eye
How is a chemical burn treated?
Irrigation - pour saline into eye (2L) Immediate irrigation of chemical injuries (the solution to pollution is dilution!)
What are the six golden rules?
- History is key 2. Always record visual acuity 3. Don’t forget Fluorescein 4. Handle suspected globe rupture with care… 5. X-Ray orbits if suspicion of Intra-Ocular Foreign Body (IOFB) 6. Immediate irrigation of chemical injuries (the solution to pollution is dilution!)
