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Business Information Systems > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Information Systems

A

A business function that covers the application of people, technologies and procedures to solve business problems

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2
Q

What are the three layers of information systems

A

Executive Information Systems (EIS

Management Information Systems (MIS) & Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

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3
Q

What is the lowest layer of information system?

A

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

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4
Q

What is the middle layer of information system

A

Management Information Systems (MIS) & Decision Support Systems (DSS)

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5
Q

What is the top layer of information system

A

Executive Information Systems (EIS)

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6
Q

How are information systems classified?

A

Types of decisions supported
Levels of users
Data input

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7
Q

Executive Information Systems (EIS)

A

Top Layer

Specialised Decision Support System

Highest Level

Support high level managers in making strategic decisions

Uses visualisation

Digital dashboard

Does not automate decisions (requires human insight and evaluation)

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8
Q

What type of strategic decisions EIS supports?

A

Unstructured and complex

Long Term

Non-Routine

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9
Q

EIS uses complex models to discover…?

A

Patterns and complex relationships

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10
Q

EIS Data sources

A

Transaction Processing Systems

Data from external sources (competitors market)

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11
Q

Management Information System (MIS)

A

Second layer

Produces routine reports based on data captured by TPS

Supports several functional areas

Assist short term forecasting and assist middle level managers in making tactical decisions

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12
Q

Decision Support System (DSS)

A

Second Layer

Produces special reports based on ad hoc queries

Can utilize external data sources for analytical reporting

Assist short term forecasting and assist middle level managers in making tactical decisions

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13
Q

Transaction Processing System

A

Basic business system that supports operational tasks

Responsible for transactional information

(collect, update, delete, store) transaction information

involves one or more databases

LIFEBLOOD

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14
Q

Transactional Information

A

All information contained within a single business process or unit of work

i.e. withdrawing cash from ATM

making an online reservation

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15
Q

What are well known in a transaction for TPS

A

Input & Outputs

Well defined business rules

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16
Q

How many TPS does an organisation have?

A

Multiple

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17
Q

Decision: TPS

A

Structured (repetitive and routine with specific rules and well defined structures)

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18
Q

Decision: MIS/DSS

A

Semi structured

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19
Q

Decision: EIS

A

Unstructured

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20
Q

Users: TPS

A

Operational managers

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21
Q

Users: MIS/ DSS

A

Middle Managers

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22
Q

Users: EIS

A

Top Managers

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23
Q

Data sources: TPS

A

End Users

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24
Q

Data sources: MIS/DSS

A

TPS Databases

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25
Q

Data sources: EIS

A

TPS databases and external sources

26
Q

Enterprise Resource Planning

A

Integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system

Employees can make enterprise - wide decisions by viewing enterprise wide information

27
Q

Purpose of ERP

A

eliminate manual entry for multiple systems

allow sharing of information across databases

increase quality of information

28
Q

What is at the heart of all ERP systems

A

A database that collects information from and feeds information into all the ERP systems individual application components/ modules

29
Q

Core ERP Components

A

Accounting & Finance -> manage accounting data i.e accounts payable

Production and materials management -> production planning and forecasting

Human Resources -> track employess information

30
Q

Extended ERP components

A

Business intelligence

Supply chain management

Customer relationship management

E business

31
Q

ERP Approaches

A

On premise

Cloud

32
Q

ERP: On Premise Approach

A

Resources are internally hosted and maintained by user organisations

Hard to intergrate

Expensive to implement and maintain

Requires continuous upgrades

33
Q

ERP: Cloud Approach

A

Resources hosted on a third party vendor managed and controlled infrastructure

No need to worry about system upgrade and maintenance

Less hardware investment

Requires continuous upgrades

34
Q

Cloud Computing

A

Any subscription based or pay per use service in real time over the internet that extends IT’s existing capabalities

35
Q

Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing

A

On demand self service (minimal human interaction)

Broad network access (access through thick/thin client platforms)

Resource pooling (storage, bandwidth)

Rapid elasticity

Measured service (resources monitored and controlled)

36
Q

Cloud Computing Service Models

A

Software as Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

37
Q

Software as Service (SaaS)

A

Cloud vendor manages applications and infrastructure

Client uses applications running on vendors cloud i.e. Google Docs

38
Q

Platform as Service (PaaS)

A

Clients receive capability to deploy own applications onto cloud infrastructure maintained by cloud vendor

39
Q

Infrastructure as Service (IaaS)

A

Client companies can customise and modify applications

40
Q

Cloud Computing Deployment Models

A

Public

Private

Hybrid

41
Q

Public Cloud

A

General public

Owned and managed by 3rd party

I.e Amazon, Microsoft Azure,

(pay per use

42
Q

Private Cloud

A

Exclusively for a single organisation

Owned and managed by organisation or third party or any such combination

can be on or off premise

43
Q

Hybrid Cloud

A

Composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructure (private, public)

44
Q

Cloud ERP

A

Vendor manage IT platform and ERP software

Either public or private cloud (operated by service provider)

45
Q

Cloud ERP Benefits

A

Reduced ERP cost and better support

Enhanced system speed and performance

More effective system upgrade and enhancement

Enhanced ERP mobility

46
Q

Cloud ERP Risks

A

Cloud transparency and data privacy

Data security

Vendor lock in

Integration to other IS applications

47
Q

Business Intelligence

A

Systems that provide decision makers with valuable information and knowledge by leveraging a variety of data sources and structure and unstructured knowledge

Supported by BI solutions that uses BI tools to provide valuable information and knowledge

48
Q

Product of the process (BI)

A

Information useful to organisations to formulate knowledge or enable decision

49
Q

The Process (BI)

A

through which an organisation obtains analysis and distributes information and knowledge

50
Q

Knowledge Management

A

A BI technology

Focuses on creating, sharing and applying knowledge

Emphasizes on explicit and tacit knowledge

51
Q

Explicit Knowledge

A

Knowledge that is recognized and articulated in some form

52
Q

Tacit Knowledge

A

Knowledge that is difficult to articulate and formalise including insights and intuitions and hunches (

53
Q

Knowledge Discovery BI vs KM

A

Potential overlap of knowledge discovery between BI and KM

BI is data focussed, Knowledge Management is not

54
Q

Data warehouse (DW)

A

Data warehouse a single local repository for an organisations data obtained from multiple operational systems using tools to transform or load data

55
Q

Characteristics of Data Warehouse

A

Subject - oriented -> depends on type of company

Intergrated -> Where data is fed into one DW from multiple sources

Non - volatile - > DW must be loaded as a snapshot of the operational databases

Time-variant, each unit of data is stamped with a date and record

56
Q

Data mining

A

It refers to the process of discovering hidden patterns from data stored in electronic form (from data warehouse( using different data mining techniques

57
Q

Clustering Analysis

A

Divides information into mutually exclusive groups with common patterns / characteristics

58
Q

Association detection

A

It reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information -> Market basket analysis

59
Q

Market Basket Analysis

A

Items are purchased and analysed to uncover patterns and relationships between items bought together

60
Q

Factors Driving Business Intelligence

A

Exploding data volumes due to huge data collections

Increased complicated decisions -> .increased competitions, multiple industries

Need for quick reflexes -> increased pace of change in different market domains; information access must be quick to be able to support decision

Business Information Systems (3 decks)

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