Week 2 Flashcards
Precisely define what we mean by a particular behavior in order to measure it
Operational Definition
A statistical analysis of a large number of studies to get a better sense of a phenomenon than just a single study could provide
Meta-analysis
___ experiments - Environments are artificial but most variables are closely controlled
Laboratory
___ experiments - Studying subjects in their natural environment. Environments are more authentic, but many variables can not be controlled.
Field
___ observations - Observing individuals in their natural environment in order to make correlations/predictions.
Naturalistic
Individuals might behave differently in the presence of an observer
Reactivity/Hawthorne Effect
All of the people that a scientist is interested in for a particular study
Population of interest
A subset of the population of interest
Sample
Portion of the population of interest that reflects the population as a whole. Often achieved with a random sample to avoid sampling bias.
Representative Sample
Representative samples are portions of the population of interest that reflects the population as a whole. Often achieved with a ___ sample to avoid ___ bias.
Random sample
Sampling bias
Study of different groups of people of different ages
Cross-sectional designs
Historical factors that influence an age group might be responsible for the outcome of a study, not actual differences
Cohort effects
Study the same group at different points in time.
Longitudinal design
Groups may figure out how to take a test, and therefore do better on subsequent offerings
Practice effects
Individuals disappear.
Attrition
