Week 2 Flashcards
Galactosemia path and sx
Path: AR GALT deficiency —> galactose accumulation after lactose or galactose ingestion
Sx: Decreased glucose -> seizure Jaundice, hepatomegaly —> increased bili ast alt Vomiting, poor feeding Cataracts \+ urine reducing substance
Thalamic stroke path and symptoms
PCA deep arteries stroke
Contralateral sensory loss
If affecting neighboring basal ganglia or CST Transient hemiparesis
Athetheosis
Ballistic movement
Contra indication in patients with a history of migraine with aura and why
Estrogen containing Contraceptives. Increased risk of ischemic stroke in migraine with aura. Anything that increases the risk of thrombosis such as estrogen
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration symptoms
Truncal ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor or dysmetria Impaired dysdiadochokinesia Pendular knee reflex
Pituitary apoplexy pathology and symptoms
Pathology sudden hemorrhage into and in a large pituitary adenoma
Sudden onset severe headache
Compression of oculomotor nerve causing diplopia with ptosis
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Adrenal crisis leading to severe hypotension
Tabes dorsalis sx and tx
Sx: secondary degeneration of the dorsal columns
Loss of position vibration sense
Lancinating pain
Argyll Robertson pupil: intact accommodation, loss of light reflex
Tx:
IV penicillin for 10 to 14 days for treatment of Syphilis
Subclavian steel syndrome pathology and symptoms diagnosis
Pathology severe atherosclerosis of life subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery leading to reversal of blood flow in ipsilateral vertebral artery
Pain fatigue parasthesia in the affected upper extremity
Dizziness ataxia
Lower systolic blood pressure in the affected arm and systolic bruit on affected side
Diagnosis to be a Doppler ultrasound or MRA
Lacuna stroke symptoms
Pure motor hemiparesis most common
Pure sensory stroke
Ataxic hemi paresis
Absence of cortical signs such as aphasia neglect apraxia
Bacterial versus viral CSF
Bacterial vs viral
WBC > 1000 vs 10-500
Glucose < 40 vs normal 40-70
Protein both high
Brocas aphasia localization symptoms and associated Features
Dominant frontal lobe left middle cerebral artery
Broken speech. Repetition impaired. Preserved comprehension
Associated with right hemiparesis of the face and upper limb
Progressive supranuclear palsy sx
Difficult with upward and downward gaze
Dementia
Loss of balance
Slowing of movement
Lateral medulla stroke
PICA
Nucleus ambiguous: CN IX X, XI - Dysphasia, hoarseness, palate sag
Vestibular nuclei
Lateral spinothalamic tract and spinal trigeminal nucleus - dec pain/temp ipsi face, contra body
Ipsilateral Horner syndrome
Lateral pontine stroke
AICA
Facial nucleus- paralysis of face
Vestibular nuclei - hearing, vertigo
Lateral spinothalamic tract and spinal trigeminal nucleus - dec pain/temp ipsi face, contra body
Ipsilateral Horner syndrome
Medical medullary stroke
Anterior spinal artery
Lateral cortical spinal tract – contralateral paralysis
Medial lemniscus - decreased contralateral proprioception
Caudal medulla - ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction tongue deviates ipsilaterally
Posterior cerebral artery stroke
Contralateral hemianopia - occipital lobe
