Week 2 Flashcards
Task is task/goal orientated profile measured?
Task and ego goal orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ)
Indicate how much you agree with a set of questions (1 strongly disagree 5 strongly agree)
“I feel most successful in competition when….”
e.g. I am the best, I work really hard, I learn a new skill, I can do something others can’t
What is achievement goal theory? (Duda, 2013)
An athletes behaviour in achievement situations is a consequence of their perception of success in different contexts (combination of dispositional and situational factors)
AGT - what are dispositional factors?
Task orientated
Ego orientated
AGT - what are situational factors?
Task involving climate
Ego involving climate
Characteristics of being task orientated
Self referenced perceptions of competence
Gains in personal mastery of a skill / task enrich individual with a sense of competence
Self referent improvement or learning of a task is sufficient to generate feelings of personal achievement
“How can I best acquire this skill or master this task”
Characteristics of task orientated behaviour
Persistence
Optimal effort
Focus on developing skills and learning new ones
Self referencing
Choice of moderately challenging activities
Don’t fear failure
Selection of competitive settings that allow feedback on performance
Characteristics of being ego orientated
Other referenced positions of competence
Sense of competence depends on demonstrating superior performance to others (or equal with less effort)
“Am I good enough, am I better than others”
Characteristics of ego orientated behaviour
Perception of high ability
Selection of activities where person feels they will be able to demonstrate superior performance
When this can’t be achieved, select goals that are easy or will avoid task
Drop out
Don’t persist
Blame others
Sensitive to criticism in front of peers
Challenge coach authority
What is the IOC consensus statement on youth sport athletic development?
Develop healthy, capable and resilient young athletes, while attaining wide spread, inclusive, sustainable and enjoyable participation and success for all levels of individual athletic achievement
What is good cognitions about competence relevant behaviour?
Cognitions = thoughts/beliefs
Self efficacy as want them to have a go
Affect to give positive emotional response
Effort is not a cognition
It’s a behaviour - easy for teacher to see
Nicholls theory - young children move through a temporal process. What happens in the early stages (5-7yrs)?
Children don’t differentiate between concepts of ability and effort, and ability and task difficulty.
Children uncertain of completing tasks viewed as difficult or requiring more effort. Believe it can be mastered through effort.
Effort is positively correlated with ability (undifferentiated)
Internal sense of ability is equated with trying hard.
Undifferentiated state may be viewed as the earliest form of task involvement
In Nicholls theory what is meant by maturity?
Children move through cognitive development stages
In Nicholls theory, what happens in children aged 11-12 years?
Conceptualise ability
Understand difficult tasks are those only a few can perform
Effort and ability become inversely related (ability sets the limit on what effort alone can achieve)
Nicholls - what is meant by mature understanding?
Differentiated conception of ability - capable of ego involvement
Correlates of task and ego orientation
Intrinsic motivation (positive relationship with task)
Satisfaction and boredom (satisfaction more task, boredom ego)
Anxiety (more ego)
Participation in post compulsory PE (task - links to satisfaction and intrinsic motivation)
Beliefs about the cases of success (ego blame others)
Intention to cheat / cause injury - higher in ego
Summarise the TEOSQ
Ego orientation = q1 + q3 + q4 + q6 + q9 + q11 divided by 6
Task orientation = q2 + q5 + q7 + q8 + q10 + q12 + q13 divided by 7
This gives a mean score between 1 (low) and 5 (high) for each orientation
Characteristic of high ego low task
Anxiety
Focus on winning
Characteristics of high ego high task
Focus on winning or what it takes to win
Uses feedback constructively
Characteristics of low ego low task
Disinterested
Low perceived ability
Characteristics of low ego high task
Low anxiety
High enjoyment
Achievement goal orientations - what is meant by orthogonal?
Largely independent (uncorrelated)
Means that people can vary in their levels of each goal orientation
What are adaptive motivational patterns?
High task high ego
High task low ego
Set goals that they personally value, and believe in their ability to achieve
What are maladaptive motivational patterns?
Low task high ego
Low task low ego
There’s no personally value involved here
What did Duda (1997) say about goal orientation and motivation?
What may make high task high ego individuals motivated and confident over the long haul is the fact they have their strong task orientation to fall back on when their sense of normative competency is in jeopardy.
