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Management of the pediatric patient > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principles of pediatric PT?

A
  • Development
  • Child, family, & caregiver perspectives
  • Medical vs. developmental/educational services
  • Strengths based
  • Top-down approach
  • Participation & routines
  • WHO-ICF
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2
Q

In the 1st couple of months after birth, the brain has a rapid increase in the development of sensory pathways. Which sensory pathways are specifically developed?

A
  • Vision

* Hearing

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3
Q

At what age can a baby recognize words, their name, and the language pathways begin to lay down?

A

Between 6-9 months

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4
Q

How much brain growth has occurred by age 5?

A

Approx 90% of brain growth has occurred

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5
Q

What happens to the brain in the 1st year of life?

A

The brain doubles in size

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6
Q

What happens to the brain by age 3?

A

It triples in size

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7
Q

When does most skeletal muscle develop?

A

Most skeletal muscles has developed at birth

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8
Q

What happens to the muscles during growing years?

A

Muscle fibers increase in length & cross-sectional area by the addition of sarcomeres.

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9
Q

In what state are diaphyses and epiphyses at birth?

A

Diaphyses are almost ossified at birth,

epiphyses are cartilaginous

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10
Q

Where does the growth of long bones occur and when do they become ossified?

A

Long bones grow at the epiphyseal plate and become

ossified when bone growth is complete (usually by age 20).

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11
Q

When is the skeleton most vulnerable to deformity?

A

In the first years of

life

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12
Q

True or False

Bone increases in size before
it increases in strength

A

True.
Bone increases in size before
it increases in strength

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13
Q

What is the composition of the LE skeletal bones in infancy?

A
  • Shallow acetabulum
  • Femoral anteversion
  • Genu varus
  • Flat feet
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14
Q

What is the skeletal adaptation progression in the LE of a person?

A
  • Newborn: moderate genu valgum
  • 6 months: minimal genu varum
  • 1-2 years: legs straight
  • 2-4 years: physiologic genu valgum
  • 16 year old female: slight genu valgum
  • 16 year old male: slight genu varum
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15
Q

Who regulates medical PT services?

A

Regulated by health care

law & insurance policies

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16
Q

Who regulates educational PT services?

A

Regulated by education

law (IDEA)

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17
Q

Why is therapy provided for a child in a medical PT service?

A

Therapy provided to assist the
child to be as functionally
independent as possible

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18
Q

Why is therapy provided for a child in a educational PT service?

A

Therapy is provided to assist a
child to benefit from special
education

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19
Q

What is the eligibility criteria for receiving medical PT services for a child?

A

Any child may receive services

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20
Q

What is the eligibility criteria for receiving educational PT services for a child?

A

Children must have an
educational disability &
demonstrate a need

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21
Q

What is the best approach to treating a pediatric patient?

A

Top- down approach

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22
Q

What are the steps highlighted in the top- down approach?

A
  • Desired outcome (goals) –>
  • Identification of strength/obstacles –>
  • Strategies to bypass obstacles/ to improve performance –>
  • Intervention plan and strategies –>
  • Assessment
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23
Q

What are the steps highlighted in the the Physical Therapy Clinical Reasoning and Reflection Tool (PT-CRT)?

A
  1. Getting the information to figure out the primary deficits and goals
  2. Generating hypotheses to figure out why the child isn’t achieving the goals
  3. Selecting test and measures to test the hypothesis to figure out what is needed to achieve the goals
  4. Use the ICF framework to evaluate the exam findings
  5. Determine POC
  6. Interventions
  7. Re-assessment
  8. Outcomes: discharge
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24
Q

What are standardized testing used for?

A
  • Determine eligibility (discriminative or norm-referenced test)
  • Measure progress (evaluative or criterion-referenced test)
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25
Q

What are the characteristics of a norm-referenced test?

A 
• Determine eligibility
• Standardized on groups of
"normal" children
• Compares child to others
• Provide a "snapshot of a specific time." Shouldn't be used to track change over time or for program planning.
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26
Q

What are the characteristics of a criterion-referenced test?

A 
• Measure progress
• Evaluates individual performance in relation to a fixed standard
• Compares child to himself
• May be used for program
planning or to track change over time
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27
Q

What are the properties/psychometrics of a standardized test to know when deciding on which test to pick?

A
  • Reliability
  • Validity
  • Sensitivity
  • Specificity
28
Q

What is a raw score on a standardized test?

A

Number of items correct

29
Q

What is the age- equivalence of a standardized test?

A

Mean age when 50% of children would have tested similarly

30
Q

What is the developmental quotient of a standardized test?

A

Ratio between child’s actual

score and child’s age

31
Q

What are the standard score of a standardized test?

A

(Z-score and T-score)—expressed in terms of standard deviations

32
Q

___ referenced test often ends after a raw score has been acquired

A

Criterion referenced test often ends after a raw score has been acquired

33
Q

___ referenced test often provides an age- equivalence and developmental quotient score

A

Norm referenced test often provides an age- equivalence and developmental quotient score

34
Q

____ referenced test often times gives scores in a percentile

A

Norm referenced test often times gives scores in a percentile

35
Q

At what percentile on a norm referenced test do we get concerned with when working with a pediatric patient?

A

Below 10 percentile or 5th percentile

36
Q

At what age is the INFANIB test administered?

A

1- 18 months

37
Q

What is the purpose of the INFANIB test?

A

Examine neuro function

38
Q

How long does it take to administer the INFANIB?

A

20-30 mins

39
Q

What type of standardized test is the INFANIB?

A

Criterion referenced test

40
Q

What are the psycho-metrics of the INFANIB?

A

Reliable and valid

41
Q

At what age is the AIMS test administered?

A

Birth- 18 months

42
Q

What is the purpose of the AIMS test?

A

ID motor delay

43
Q

How long does it take to administer the AIMS?

A

20-30 mins

44
Q

What type of standardized test is the AIMS?

A

Norm referenced test

45
Q

What are the psycho-metrics of the AIMS?

A

Reliable and valid

46
Q

At what age is the Bayley- III test administered?

A

1- 42 months

47
Q

What is the purpose of the Bayley- III test?

A

ID developmental delay

48
Q

How long does it take to administer the Bayley- III?

A

25 mins - 1 hr

49
Q

What type of standardized test is the Bayley- III?

A

Norm referenced test

50
Q

What are the psycho-metrics of the Bayley- III?

A

Reliable and valid. Gold standard

51
Q

At what age is the PDMS-2 test administered?

A

1-72 months

52
Q

What is the purpose of the PDMS-2 test?

A

Estimate motor competence

53
Q

How long does it take to administer the PDMS-2?

A

45-60 min

54
Q

What type of standardized test is the PDMS-2?

A

Norm referenced test

55
Q

What are the psycho-metrics of the PDMS-2?

A

Reliable & valid

56
Q

At what age is the GMFM test administered?

A

Items may be completed by a

typical 5 yo

57
Q

What is the purpose of the GMFM test?

A

Measure change in GM(gross motor) function

58
Q

How long does it take to administer the GMFM?

A

45-60 min

59
Q

What type of standardized test is the GMFM?

A

Criterion referenced test

60
Q

What are the psycho-metrics of the GMFM?

A

Reliable & valid

61
Q

At what age is the PEDI test administered?

A

6 mo-7.5 yrs

62
Q

What is the purpose of the PEDI test?

A

Examine functional capabilities

63
Q

How long does it take to administer the PEDI?

A

45-60 min

64
Q

What type of standardized test is the PEDI?

A

Criterion and norm referenced test

65
Q

What are the psycho-metrics of the PEDI?

A

Reliable & valid

Management of the pediatric patient (8 decks)

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