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14 exam > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acquired brain injury

A

permanent change in brain structure and function the is caused primarily by sources such as diffuse axonal injury or laceration; or a secondary source such as haemorrhage or infection. Damage may be focal or diffuse

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2
Q

causes of acquired brain injury

A

Traumatic causes such as mechanical crush, hit/blow, shaken as a baby (most common form)
Non traumatic causes: stroke, brain tumours, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, hypoxia due to events such as near drowning, infection, severe asthma and drug abuse.

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3
Q

effects ABI has

A

early day of coma/ post traumatic amnesia
Person may have other medical complications resulting from the accident that delay rehab eg pneumonia
Must understand family/social situation
May result in diverse movement challenges
May cause disorders of perception, cognition, vision, sensation, motor control and equilibrium

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4
Q

what is motor control

A

is the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

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5
Q

whats cortical damage areas equal

A

tonal changes

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6
Q

damage to subcritical areas equal

A

affect quality of movement

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7
Q

secondary problems of ABI

A 
inability to perform tasks
Lack of exercise
Immobility
Pain
Illness
Depression
Social isolation
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8
Q

cerebellar lesions leads to

A

Axil: wide based gate, poorly controlled movement, intention tremor
Hypotonia: low tone
Dysmetria: target accuracy
Disdiadokokinesia: poorly coordinated rapid alternating movement
Disequibrium: reduced balanc

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9
Q

basil ganglia sessions lead to

A

Akinesia: difficulty initiating voluntary movment
Bradykinesia: slowness in carrying out movements
Resting tremor
Dystonia including fidgety
Choreiform movement
Ballistic movement: sudden or violent movement

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10
Q

what is spasticity

A

an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle, which might interfere with movement, speech, or be associated with discomfort or pain

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11
Q

whats contracture

A

a type of spasticity

shortening of soft tissues that result in reduced joint range of motion due to impairments eg weakness or spasticity.

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12
Q

whats muscle tone

A

the resistance of a muscle to passive elongation or stretching

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13
Q

whats hypertonia

A

an abnoramally high level of muscle tone or tension

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14
Q

whats hypertonicity

A

increases tone which is more than normal resistance of muscle to passive elongation increased resistance against passive stretch.

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15
Q

classifying CNS symptoms

A

Positive symptoms: (too much of something)
abnormal reflexes
Spasticity (increasing muscle strength improves)
Hyperactive stretch reflectors
Negative symptoms (loss of normal behaviours
Weakness
Abnormal coordination

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16
Q

Specific assessments for ABI

A

modified ash worth scale

Tarduie scale

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17
Q

management of spasticity

A

-Botulinum Toxin A in addition to rehabilitation therapy may be used to reduce spasticity, but is unlikely to improve activity or motor function.
electrical stimulation, casting and taping, may be used.
**DO NOT RECOMEND TO STRETCH

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18
Q

management of contracture

A

active motor training or electrical stimulation to elicit muscle activity should be provided.
** routine use of splints or prolonged positioning of upper or lower limb muscles in a lengthened position (stretch) is NOT recommended.

19
Q

whats TBI

A

traumatic brain injury, traumatically induced structural injury and or psychological disruption of brain function as a result of an extrenal force.

20
Q

whats Glascow Coma scale

A

most common system used to decreed level of consciousness in a person following TBI
Used to help gauge the severity of an acute brain injury
Test is simple, reliable and correlates well wth outcome following severe brain injury

21
Q

how to interpret Glasco scores

A

Severe: GCS 8 or less
Moderate: GCS 9-12
mild: GCS 13-15

22
Q

post traumatic assessment scale

A

rates Post traumatic amneisa inclues symtpoms:disorientation and confusion about location, time and identity of others
 Highly distractactable and disinhibited
 Difficulty with thinking, memory and concentration
 Anxiety, agitation and rapid changes in mood.

23
Q

how to interpret PTA scale

A

PTA less than 5 minutes = “very mild injury” PTA between 5-60 minutes = “mild injury” PTA between 1-24 hours = “moderate injury” PTA between 1-7 days = “severe injury” PTA greater than 7 days = “very severe injury

24
Q

whats post traumatic amnesia

A

inability to remember day to day events after brain injury including those immediately before the injury and events that ooccur after the injury.

25
Q

problems with speech for ABI

A

nability to remember day to day events after brain injury including those immediately before the injury and events that ooccur after the injury.

26
Q

executive functioning problems

A 
\:
problems with:
Paying attention
Organizing, planning and prioritizing
Starting tasks and staying focused on them to completion
Understanding different points of view
Regulating emotions
Self-monitoring (keeping track of what you’re doing)
27
Q

signs and symptoms of epilepsy

A 
Temporary confusion.
A staring spell.
Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs.
Loss of consciousness or awareness.
Psychic symptoms such as fear, anxiety
28
Q

medication for epilepsy

A

Treatment is usually with antiepileptic drugs also referred to as AEDs. Many epilepsy syndromes respond well to a specific drug or to a combination of drugs. Drugs do not cure epilepsy but most seizures can be prevented by taking medication regularly one or more times a day

29
Q

functions of the frontal lobe

A

understanding and reacting to others feelings, forming personality, managing attention, problem solving, judgment, memory, motor control

30
Q

brain injury to fontal lobe

A

change in social behaviour, change in personality, increased irritability, which may include a change in mood and an inability to regulate behaviour.

31
Q

functions of temporal lobe

A

auditory processing, production of speech

32
Q

damage to temporal lobe

A

unable to produce speech (brocas) , unable to understand speech (wernickies)

33
Q

whats post traumatic amniesia

A

the period of time which a person is disoriented or confused and unable to recall new information following a head injury

34
Q

whats the Westmead post traumatic amnesia scale

A

analysis when a patient is out of post traumatic amnesia

patient needs to answer 3 days of 12/12 to be out of post traumatic amnesia

35
Q

whats the Glasgow coma scale

A

most common scoring system used to descibe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury

36
Q

on the Glasgow coma scale what does the score E4V5M6 = 15 mean

A

eye open 4
verbal response 5
motor response 6
= GCS 15

37
Q

whats the modified ash worth scale

A

tests for spasticity (not very well)

38
Q

whats the tardier scale

A

more useful for spastiicity demonstrates the catch

39
Q

how to perform modified ashworth scale

A

Test for spasticity

Place joint in a max flexed position and then move to a maximal extended position over one second

40
Q

how to perform tarduie scale

A

Test for spasticity
First as slow as possible move to max extension
Then speed of limb falling under gravity
Then as fast as possible

41
Q

why does a person have difficulty finding words

A
  • damage to wernicke’s area which is located on the left side of the temporal lobe; important for language development and comprehension of speech
  • damage to the medial regions of the frontal lobe, resulting in slowness of processing.
42
Q

name three assessments that could be used to assess social networks and community participation

A

o Community integration questionnaire (Libby calloway
o Care and needs scale CANS
o Lubben social network scale

43
Q

whats the Oxford scale classifying muscle strength

A 
	5 = withstand max resistance
	4 = withstand moderate resistance
	3 = full ROM against gravity
	2 = full ROM in gravity eliminated plane
	1 = can feel tension in palpation
	0 = no tension felt in palpation

14 exam (8 decks)

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