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14 exam > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

biomechanical model

A

focuses on problems that occur when person has limited musculoskeletal capacity leading to inability to generate and / or sustain the stability or movement needed to perform their occupation
limits= impairments

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2
Q

musculoskeletal capacity

A

Provides information about capacity of bones, joints and muscles
Based on principles of kinetics (cause of motion) and kinematics (describing movement) with meths of treatment use principles of physics eg. force, energy, gravity

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3
Q

concepts of the biomechanical model

A

joint range of motion
strength
endurace

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4
Q

whats joint range of motion

A

amount of motion available at a joint
Measured in degrees
Each joint has different of motion in a given plane of motion
Motion can be active (client led) or passive (no effort from client)

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5
Q

what is strength

A

the ability of muscles to produce tension for maintain postural control and for moving body parts

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6
Q

what is degrees of strength

A

number and size of fibres that muscle belly

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7
Q

whats endurance

A

ability to sustain effort over the time required to do particular task
Length of ‘work time’ prior to fatigue

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8
Q

maintain of strength range of motion and endurance

A

participation in ADLS promotes maintenance of musculoskeletal system.

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9
Q

restoration of strength range of motion and endurance

A

aims to increase available motion, strength and endurance to build on what clients has and seeks to restore
Movement can be used to restore or improve motion, strength and endurance. Therapists engage clients in occupations/excerises that use movement
Gradually increased to build capacity

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10
Q

compensation of strength, ROM and endurance

A

compensatory treatment aims to bridge gap between the persons capacity for suability or motions and what is required in everyday occupation
Assistive devices attach to body
Modification of the environment

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11
Q

therapeutic intervention of decreased ROM

A

if due to tightness, strengthening activities may help
If due to oedema, compression, elevation
Splinting may help to prevent or treat a contracture

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12
Q

therapeutic intervention of weakness in muscle group

A

strength is developed by increasing stress on the muscle through resistance/weight, duration of resistance, rate/speed of movement and frequency of sessions

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13
Q

therapeutic intervention work hardening

A

individualised approach aimed at returning people to work
Main method used in physical reconditioning= used of simulated or real work tasks along with exercise
Using small goals that work toward the big goal of returning to work

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14
Q

what is work environment impact scale (WEIS)

A

semi structured interview and rating scale

Desired to gather info on how individuals with physical and psychosocial disabilities experience their work environments

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15
Q

whos the WEIS recommended for

A

people who are currently employed

People who are not currently working but are anticipating return to a specific job or type of work

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16
Q

WEIS rating form

A 
Each item scored on a 4 point scale to indicate how the environmental factor impacts the workers performance, satisfaction, wellbeing (physical, social and emotional)
SS=strongly support
S= supports
I = interferes
SI= significantly interferes
NA= not applicable
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17
Q

AWP (Assessment of work performance

A

Assess san individual observable work related skills
Provides information on how efficiently and appropriately the person performs a work activity assess performance of motor, process and communication and communication and interaction skills within a work activity

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18
Q

AWP appropriate population

A

any person experiencing work related difficulties

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19
Q

Administration of AWP

A

Combined use with WRi/ WEIS will create more complete picture of a persons work functioning

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20
Q

what is Rhuematoid arthritis

A

autoimmune chronic inflamatory disease affecting joints

21
Q

what are symptoms of RA

A

Symptoms: polyarticular pain and swelling, early morning stiffness, malaise and fatigue.
Also affects eyes, skin, lungs, heart, gastrointestinal system, kidneys, nervous system and blood

22
Q

how to manage RA

A

aims to suppress inflammation rapidly to prevent or limit joint damage
Best to detect as soon as possible to help treat is
DMARD is disease modifying antirhematic drugs

23
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

most common form of arthritis
Joint pain linked with degenerative joint changes
Stiffness occurs after sleep or prolonged inactivity
Pain begins to occur in periods of activity but gradually becomes persistent and disturbs sleep

24
Q

management for osteoarthritis

A

muscle strengthening exercises or aerobic exercise,antiflamatory drugs

25
Q

describe soft tissue features of RA

A

Soft-tissue swelling and early erosions in the proximal interphalangeal joints in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis of the hands. If synovial proliferation is abundant, the resultant soft-tissue mass may have a doughy texture on palpation

26
Q

mediacations available for someone with joint disease

A

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). These drugs can slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and save the joints and other tissues from permanent damage. Common DMARDs include:
methotrexate (Trexall, Otrexup, others): side affects abdominal pain, chills or ever, hair loss, headache,
leflunomide (Arava): side affects hair loss, headache, heart burn, high blood pressure
hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil): side affects blurry vission, headache, abdominal cramps, vomitng
sulfasalazine (Azulfidine).
- need regular blood tests to make sure the drug is not hurting blood cells or certain organs such as liver, lungs or kidneys

27
Q

early symptoms of RA

A

joint stiffness
joint pain
minor joint swelling and mild inflammation

28
Q

chronic symptoms of RA

A

wrist radial deviation
ulnar drift
swan neck defmority
right z thumb deformities

29
Q

assessments that provide details on op issues for people with RA

A

pain diary
ADL assessment
home assessment
functional assessment

30
Q

what is energy conservation

A

 Refers to the way activities/tasks/occupations are done to minimise muscle fatigue, joint stress, and pain
 Using your body efficiently and completing tasks in an efficient, sequential way in order to save your energy

31
Q

whats energy conservation techniques

A

 Having frequent, short breaks between tasks
 Planning your day to complete more strenuous activities when they are easiest
o E.g. if your pain levels are lowest in the afternoon, you could plan your exercises then to minimise risk of pain
 Adjust height of work surfaces to promote good posture and minimise leaning or overextending
 Pace yourself to avoid fatigue

32
Q

why is energy conservation important for people with RA

A

RA additionally leads to clients fatiguing faster than usual
 By minimising the amount of work required to undertake activities, individuals are better able to manage their pain/discomfort levels associated with RA

33
Q

what does systemic nature mean

A

affecting most or all of a system rather than a small portion of the system.

34
Q

how is RA a systemic nature

A

RA is one of a group of conditions classified as autoimmune diseases, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, specifically the synovium, the tissue that surrounds joint

35
Q

functional assessment designed for people with RA

A

Signals of Functional Impairment

36
Q

whats the worker role interview (WRI)

A

Assess the impacts of personal causation, values, interests, roles, habits and perception of the environment on potential for obtaining or returning to work

37
Q

bottom up

A

go from underlying capacities and personal issues into making goals

38
Q

top down

A

forms goals and then look into personal aspects and assessment

39
Q

occupation as end

A

Enable independence in doing an occupation so the end result is being able to do an occupation

40
Q

occupation as means

A

Using occupation to reach goals and improve capacities.

41
Q

interventions related to the biomechanocal model

A

Maintenance and prevention: Preventing impairments or maintaining capacity by moving and utilising the muscles and joints especially if one joint is immobilised
• Restoration: Improving abilities and capacity
• Compensation for limited mobility: About shifting environment and/or occupation to allow for occupational performance due to physical capacity

42
Q

wats the articular capsule

A

surrounds the entire joint

43
Q

whats the joint cavity

A

separates articulating bones and contains synovial fluid

44
Q

whats synovial fluid

A

shock absoprton
reduces friction
supplies oxygen and nutrients

45
Q

whats reinforcing ligaments

A

stables joint

46
Q

what features of the synovial joint stablise

A

reinforcing ligamnects
menisci
articular casual
muscle tendones

47
Q

joints functionally classified

A
  • Synarthrosis: immovable joint (strong stable joints, mainly axial skeleton)
  • Amphiarthrosis: slightly moveable joint (strong stable joints, mainly axial skeleton)
  • Diarthrosis: freely moveable joint (least stable joint and easily dislocated
48
Q

joints structurally classified

A
  • Fibrosis
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial

14 exam (8 decks)

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