Week 2

Question 1

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

What the drug does to the body.

Question 2

What has affinity and efficacy for a receptor?

Answer 2

An agonist- it binds to and activates a receptor

Question 3

Describe a full agonist:

Answer 3

Produces a full response while occupying a relatively low proportion of receptors.

Question 4

Describe a partial agonist:

Answer 4

Produces less than a full response while fully occupying their receptors

Question 5

This type of agonist produces an opposite response to that of a typical agonist, yet it binds to the same receptor bonding sites.

Answer 5

Inverse agonist

Question 6

This has affinity but to efficacy for a receptor.

Answer 6

Antagonist “blocker”

Question 7

Describe a competitive antagonist:

Answer 7

Binds to the same receptor site as the agonist but does not activate it.

Question 8

This type of antagonist binds to the agonist not the receptor.

Answer 8

Chemical antagonist

Question 9

Describe an allosteric/noncompetitive antagonist:

Answer 9

Binds to an allosteric site producing a conformational change in the receptor site so that the agonist cannot active the receptor site.

Question 10

The likelihood a drug will bind to a receptor.

Answer 10

Affinity

Question 11

A dose of drug just sufficient to produce a pre-selected effect.

Answer 11

Threshold

Question 12

An exaggerated response of two drugs working together to produce more effect than the drugs separately.

Answer 12

Synergism

Question 13

The phenomenon in which a drug reaches a max effect, so that increasing the drug dosage does not increase the effectiveness.

Answer 13

Ceiling effect

Question 14

A lower LD50 is indicative of:

Answer 14

Increased toxicity

Question 15

The ratio between when a drug is safe and effective bs when it is toxic:

Answer 15

Therapeutic index

Question 16

When the T.I. is large the dose is:

Answer 16

Safe I.e. penicillin

Question 17

When the T.I. is small the dose is:

Answer 17

Needs to be carefully monitored ( warfarin)

Question 18

Increasing the dose of a drug with a small/ narrow TI:

Answer 18

Increases the probability of toxicity

Question 19

When receptors become more sensitive and more receptors are made:

Answer 19

Upregulations

Ex: exercise, pregnancy

Question 20

Receptors become less sensitive to drug/ hormone, receptors break down over time, lose ability to response to drug/hormone:

Answer 20

Downregulation

Ex: long term opioid abuse , type 2 diabetes

Question 21

When 2 drugs are given that act on the same receptor but do not produce an exaggerated effect.

Answer 21

Additive effect

Ex: 2 drugs given to control HTN

Question 22

Most common type of receptor:

Answer 22

g-protein coupled receptors

Question 23

Second messengers are required for:

Answer 23

Hydrophilic ligand

Question 24

What can effect pharmacodynamics:

Answer 24

Individual characteristics such as age, sex, ethnicity

Question 25

Any drug or chemical that has an opposite effect but through a different physiologic pathway?

Answer 25

Physiological antagonist

Question 26

Ligand gated ion channel receptors bind to:

Answer 26

Ion channels

Question 27

Cytokine receptors bind to:

Answer 27

Peptide ligands

Question 28

G-protein linked receptors require:

Answer 28

Second messengers

Question 29

Selective to a particular receptor but would act on the receptor if it is on various organs:

Answer 29

Selectivity

Question 30

Only one effect in biological system:

Answer 30

Specificity

Ex: insulin

Question 31

Dose-response curve accounts for:

Answer 31

1. Drug onset
2. Time to peak
3. Duration of action
4. Min effective concentration