Week 2 Flashcards
When was the first eukaryotic genome sequenced?
1996, yeast
First plant genome sequenced?
2000
Sanger sequencing basics
DNA polymerase terminates depending on the nucleotide.
Pyrosequencing basics
In template, PPi molecule released with correct base insertion and has a marker, fluorescing.
Massively parallel pyrosequencing basics
DNA with adaptors has tag that binds to bead. Bead has oil emulsion that allows PCR amplification.
Illumina (1 point, 3 steps)
Cut into small pieces, adaptors attach then PCR.
DNA sequence assembly
Short sequences aligned to make full sequence
What to consider during sequence assembly? (5)
Storage, editing of reads, assembly, reference and annotation.
How to fix gaps? (4 points)
Redundancy, references and independent sequencing.
Uses of restriction maps? (3 steps)
Planning and checking experiments;
Recording and communicating results
Gene sequences last how long?
100 million years
Proteins last how long?
2.5 billion years
What can minor aminoacid changes impact? (4 points)
Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, charge, size, function
Difference between similarity and homology
Similarity depends on structure, charge, size, function, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Homology always implies descent from common ancestor.
Orthologue
Ancestral gene during speciation. In different species.
