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Dysphagia > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the cranial nerve nuclei housed?

A

In the brainstem

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2
Q

What are the motor CN relevant for swallowing?

A

Trigeminal (CN V3)
Facial (CN VII)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

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3
Q

What are the sensory CN relevant for swallowing?

A

Trigeminal (CN V2 and V3)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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4
Q

What are receptor types?

A

Mechanoreceptors (in mucosa, response to touch)

Proprioreceptors (in muscle fibers and tem=ndons, sense position of articulators)

Stretch receptors (in muscle spindles, response to muscle length changes)

Thermoreceptors (in the mucosa, response to temperature)

Nocireceptors (in nerve endings, response to pain)

Chemoreceptors (in taste buds, response to flavor)

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5
Q

What are the 2 branches of CN X?

A

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

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6
Q

Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN)

A

Internal branch - sensory above VFs

External branch - motor to cricothyroid muscle

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7
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN)

A

Goes around the aorta (L) and the subclavian artery (R)
Innervated larynx
Sensory below VFs
Motor to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

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8
Q

Trigeminal (V1-3) - SENSORY - functions, how to test, clinical importance

A

3 branches of tactile sensation to face and nasal/oral cavities

Test by: Client close eyes and describe location and side of stimulation

Clinical Importance: Bolus pocketing and sensation (V2-3)

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9
Q

Trigeminal (V1-3) -MOTOR- functions, how to test, clinical importance

A

Muscles of mastication
Tensor veli palatine (velum)

Test by: Open and close jaw against resistance/clench teeth-check for symmetry

Clinical Importance: Swallow, chewing, preventing nasal regurgitation, stabilize jaw for hyoid movement

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10
Q

Facial-SENSORY- functions, how to test, clinical importance

A

Sensation of taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Test by: Cotton swabs with vinegar, lemon, sugar, and bitters

Clinical Importance: Swallow, taste sensation for eating and drinking, Sour boluses improve swallowing initiation timing

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11
Q

Facial-MOTOR- functions, how to test, clinical importance

A

Muscles of facial expressions
Hyolaryngeal elevators
Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Test by: smile and pucker alternation, resist manual lip opening

Clinical Importance: oral seal for pressure generation, bolus containment, saliva production, airway production

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12
Q

What is the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

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13
Q

Pharyngeal plexus - sensory

A

Sensation of taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
Touch from soft palate and facial pillars
Sensation of pharynx, larynx, esophagus, external ear

Test by: no good test

Clinical Importance: initiation of pharyngeal swallow, initiation of airway protection

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14
Q

Pharyngeal plexus - motor

A

Stylopharyngeus (shortens pharynx)
Velar musculature

Test by: cough, phonation, nasal air emissions, palatal elevation, gag relex ( not present on 37% of healthy people)

Clinical Importance: saliva production. pharyngeal bolus propulsion, laryngeal elevation, and airway protection. UES relaxation and opening

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15
Q

Hypoglossal - motor

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)

Test by: tongue protrusion, lateralization, tip elevation, strength against resistance

Clinical Importance: bolus manipulation, formation, containment, transfer

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16
Q

Pharyngeal swallowing is controlled and triggered by

A

Central pattern generator (CPG)

biological neural network that produced rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback

17
Q

What are the two organizations of the CPG

A

Dorsal swallowing group (DSG)

Ventral swallowing group (VSG)

18
Q

DSG location and involvement

A

Located is nucleus tractus solitarus (NTS) in medulla

Involved in triggering, shaping and timing of sequential swallow pattern

19
Q

VSG location and involvement

A

Located in ventrolateral medulla

Involved in distributing the motor drive to execute motor events

20
Q

What nerves are in the DSG?

A

VII
X
IX

21
Q

What nerves are in the VSG?

A 
V
VII
IX/X
XII
C1-3
22
Q

Which nerves are not in either DSG or VSG?

A

CN V (sensory)

Dysphagia (13 decks)

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