Week 2

Question 1

SDOH

Answer 1

broad range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that determine individual and population health

Question 2

Income and health status

Answer 2

• health status improves at each step up the income and social hierarchy
• high income determines living conditions such as safe housing and ability to get sufficient food
• healthiest populations are prosperous and have an equitable distribution of wealth
• low income earners have lower life expectancies as well as more illnesses
• rich get richer and the poor get poorer, as the gap increases related to income ineqaulity, this becomes worse

Question 3

Employment and working conditions

Answer 3

• people who have more control over their work circumstances and fewer stress related demands of the job are healthier and love longer than those in more stressful or riskier work and activities
• higher rates of unemployment = rates of poorer health
• if you work in some place that’s noisy = impacts
• work-life balance

Question 4

Education and literacy

Answer 4

• health status improves with education
• closely tied to socioeconomic status
• contributes to health and prosperity by equipping people with knowledge and skills for problem solving, and helps provide a sense of control and mastery over life circumstances
• increases opportunities for job and income security and job satisfaction
• improves people’s ability to access and understand information to help keep healthy
• low literacy = less likely to be employed
• people who have more education are less likely to smoke, more likely to exercise and eat healthy food

Question 5

Childhood experiences

Answer 5

• early childhood development = powerful determinant of health
• eg. a young person’s development is greatly affected by his or her housing and neighbourhood, family income and level of parents’ education, access to nutritious foods and physical recreation, genetic makeup and access to dental and medical care.
• anything before age 6 impacts the child’s life

Question 6

What is needed for good childhood development ?

Answer 6

Adequate income, effective parents and families, and supportive community development

Question 7

Physical environments

Answer 7

• at certain levels of exposure, contaminants in our air, water, food and soil can cause a variety of adverse health effects, including cancer, birth defects, respiratory illness and gastrointestinal ailments
• overcrowding leads to risk for communicable diseases and mental health disorders
• eg. mold into home leads to increased asthma
• exposure to secondhand smoke = children have more frequent ear infections, increased risk for sudden death syndrome
• homelessness - increased risk to illness

Question 8

Social support

Answer 8

• support from families, friends and communities is associated with better health
• the caring and respect that occurs in social relationships and the resulting sense of satisfaction and well-being seem to act as buffer against health problems
• the more social support , the decreased risk of premature gap
• longevity linked to good social support

Question 9

Healthy behaviours

Answer 9

• actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and promote self-care, cope with challenges and develop self-reliance, solve problems and make choices that enhance health
• physical inactivity leads to pretty much everything lol you gon die
• alcohol and drug use and shit, you know common sense

Question 10

Access to health services

Answer 10

• continuum includes treatment and secondary prevention

Question 11

Biology and genetic endowment

Answer 11

Genetic endowment provides an inherited predisposition to a wide range of individual responses that affect health status
- predisposes individuals to particular diseases or health problems

Question 12

Gender

Answer 12

Refers to the array of society-determined roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes the two sexes on a differential basis

• gender norms influence the health system’s practices and priorities
• women have higher life expectancies, but more increased risk for depression, anxiety, illnesses, etc.
• women have very silent and non-traditional signs and symptoms to MI whereas men show more traditional signs and symptoms, therefore HCPs tend to prefer treating men

Question 13

Culture

Answer 13

• groups may face additional health risks due to a socio-economic environment which is largely determined by dominant cultural values that contribute to the perpetuation of conditions such as marginalization, stigmatization, loss or devaluation of language and culture and lack of access to culturally appropriate health care and services

Question 14

Cultural safety

Answer 14

safe environment, no assault or challenge or denial of their identity of who they are and what they need