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NURS 201 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Global Health

A

optimal well-being of all humans from the individual and collective perspective. It is a fundamental human right

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2
Q

behavioral risk factor and examples

A

behaviour that can be adopted, stopped or changed in order to reduce the risk of disease
examples: stopping smoking, eating healthy diet, reducing stress, meditation

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3
Q

burden of disease

A

adverse impact of a particular health condition or group of conditions on a population

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4
Q

community development

A

process through which community members identify their own development priorities and take action to achieve them
eg. out of town needs may be different from city area needs

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5
Q

distributive justice

A

ethical principle that needed resources in population should be fairly allocated. Fair is not equal (everybody gets what they need, not what everybody gets equally)

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6
Q

Endemic and examples

A

adverse health condition that is always present in a particular population
eg. intestinal worms, Tb epidemic

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7
Q

Epidemic

A

epidemiological event characterized by disease occurring more often than usual and causing more than a few sporadic occurrences of disease

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8
Q

food security

A

security that exists when people have reliable access to enough food to be healthy, active and productive

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9
Q

One Health and an example

A

emphasizes the interconnectedness of human health, animal health and ecological health.
eg. diseased cows will have impacts on human health such as food insecurity, disease if eaten

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10
Q

Primary healthcare

A

a system of community-based health employees, community health workers and focuses on prevention of cure

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11
Q

Public health

A

promotion of health and prevention of illnesses, injuries and premature death at the population level

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12
Q

pandemic

A

worldwide epidemic

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13
Q

Mortality

A

death

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14
Q

Morbidity

A

presence of illness or disease

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15
Q

NGO

A

non-governmental organization. A non-profit organization that is private, they manage and receive at least some of their funding from private resources.
Donations to/from UNICEF, Samaritan’s Purse, Shoeboxes at Christmas, World Vision

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16
Q

SDOH

A

personal factors in community conditions that enable or hinder access to health

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17
Q

social justice

A

principle that moving toward greater equality is valuable for human flourishing

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18
Q

Global health

A

Collaborative action taken to identify and address transnational concerns about the exposures and diseases that adversely affect human populations, promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, population-based prevention with individual level of clinical care

19
Q

Globalization and examples

A

Process of countries around the world becoming more integrated and interdependent across economic, political, cultural and other domains
eg. Policies in the US impact immigration into Canada impact migration to China or some shit, point is countries are getting interdependent with each other, unconsciously or consciously.

20
Q

5 Qualities of Global Health

A
  1. Focuses on issues that directly or indirectly impact home but can transcend national boundaries
  2. Development and implementation of solutions often require global cooperation
  3. Embraces both prevention in populations and clinical care
  4. Health equity among nations and for all people is a major objective
  5. Highly interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary within and beyond health sciences
21
Q

History of Global Health

A

History of Global Health

22
Q

400 BC - Hippocrates

A

Provided theoretical basis for understanding endemic and epidemic diseases

23
Q

First Century AD - Romans

A

first people to introduce public sanitation and public water supply

24
Q

14th Century - black death (bubonic plague)

A

Started in Asia, spread to ports, spread in-land, killing about 25 million people in Europe
City now known as Croatia: First people to introduce the aspect of quarantine, first people to recognize and stop transmission of disease

25
Q

Middle ages - Colonial expansion

A

brought about diseases such as influenza, small pox, Syphillis, Tb

26
Q

1750-1850 - industrial revolution

A
  • overcrowding and tight conditions and workplaces (eg. factories, coal mines, etc.)
  • when they threw pee and shit out the window, introduced diseases such as cholera
  • led to improvement in sewer system, cleanliness, laws that limit abilities of children to work, started doing data collection which is important when we look back and understand disease and prevent transmission
27
Q

1848

A

First public health act

28
Q

1850 - 1910 - knowledge about communicable diseases expand

A
  • they started recognizing that disease be throwin mad hands b
  • discoveries of nutrition and physiology
  • better health education
  • vaccines, social conditions on people’s health
  • contributed to decreased mortality and morbidity rates
  • role of science was solidified in public health
29
Q

1851

A

First International Sanitory Conference

30
Q

1910 - 1945

A
  • reduction in child mortality; Public health’ intergovernmental agencies
  • universities were establishing schools of public health
  • following WWI - understanding that disease wasn’t stopped by medical treatment alone, understanding came in which factors that contribute to health other than treatment were significant
31
Q

1945 - 1990

A

World bank, WHO, United Nations
- increased recognition that we are a Global society
World bank for reconstruction and development, established loans for poorer countries

32
Q

1948

A

WHO established, direct and coordinate international health within the United Nations System

33
Q

1945

A

United Nations established, charter in UN that governs what they do

34
Q

United Nations Charter

A
  • maintain peace and security
  • protect human rights, declarations of human rights
  • deliver humanitarian aid when hum. aid needs a large coordinated effort
  • promote sustainable development, ways that we can help people help themselves
    eg. developing rice patties, teaching animal horticulture, agriculture, ways to build sustainable resources
35
Q

1945 - 1990 (other stuff that happened)

A
  • uphold international law
  • Alma Ata
  • Ottawa Charter
36
Q

Alma Ata

A
  • called for international efforts to extend helping hands to poorer countries, emphasis was preventing premature mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings, focused on people who needed it most, as opposed to global efforts
  • increased mission hospitals and NGOs
37
Q

Ottawa Charter

A

shift from personal and individual health behaviours to structural/social/environmental factors

38
Q

1980s

A

HIV and AIDS epidemic
- delayed global response , emphasized collaboration, health and human rights, global advocacy, focus on prevention and treatment

39
Q

1990 - 2000

A

shifting priorities

- cost effectiveness, health care cuts, costs in health spending

40
Q

2000+ = millenium development goals

A
  • migration, displacement of people, bioterrorism, climate change, natural disasters
  • decreases in mortality and shit due to MDGs
  • SDGs
41
Q

About 800 women die in the world everyday due to

A
  • childbirth
  • malnutrition
  • obstructed labour
  • undernutrition
  • hemorrhaging
42
Q

Infectious diseases: Zika

A
  • travel to unaffected areas and be transmitted to areas unaffected by disease
  • spread by mosquitoes and through sexual contact
  • especially important to women of child-bearing age , and women who are thinking of getting pregnant and are pregnant because it leads to birth defects
43
Q

infectious diseases: Ebola

A

fear drives our understanding instead of looking at disease from

44
Q

impact of trade and travel

A

antibiotic resistant organisms

NURS 201 (2 decks)

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