Week 2 Flashcards
Young woman with monocular vision loss, eye pain with movement, washed out color, afferent pupillary defect think
MS!
Comorbidities with Absence seizures
ADHD, anxiety
Tx. Ethosuximide
(seizures provoked with hyperventilation, brief less than 20 seconds, and show symmetric 3Hz spike wave activity on NL background)
Sxs of interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome)
More common in women, associated with psych d/o (anxiety, pain syndromes), bladder pain with filling relieved by voiding, increased frequency, urgency, dyspareunia, bladder pain with no other attributable causes for >=6 weeks, normal UA. Tx Not curative focus on quality of life, behavior mod and trigger avoidance, amitriptyline, analgesics for exacerbations
Neonate with bilious vomiting, abdominal distention, do abdominal xray shows gasless abdomen what next
Upper GI series (barium swallow) fastest and most accurate method of dx malrotation with midgut volvulus. See ligament of treitz on R abdomen and corkscrew pattern. Tx with surgery.
Tx Hoarding d/o
CBT
PTHrP associated with which cancer
SCC of lung
Paraneoplastic syndrome associated with Small Cell Carcinoma
ACTH production and SIADH
Nephrotic syndrome associated the most with renal vein thrombosis
Membranous GN
Abdominal pain, fever, hematuria in someone with nephrotic syndrome think …
Renal Vein thrombosis 2/2 loss ATIII
Progressive bilateral loss of central vision think
Age related macular degeneration
hypercalcemia, los phos, los mag, met alk, AKI, low PTH 2/2
Milk Alkali syndrome (excessive Ca++ and absorbable alkali) 2/2 renal vasoconstriction and decreased glomerular blood flow
Hazard ratio
Are proportions that indicate the chance of an event occurring in the treatment group compared to the change of the event occurring in the control group. <1 more likely control, Closer to 1, less difference.
tendency of study population to affect the outcome since they are aware they are being studied
Hawthorne effect
Tx acute decompensated HF w/pulmonary edema with NL or elevated BP
Oxygen, assisted ventilation as needed, IV diuresis, possible vasodilator therapy
Chronic cough >8 weeks worse at night, not better with antihistamine think
ASTHMA, do a spirometry
Role of hCG in pregnancy
secreted by syncytiotrophoblast and is responsible for preserving the corpus luteum during early pregnancy in order to maintain progesterone secretion until the placenta is able to produce progesteron on its one
1 day old with head circumf >95%, hydrochephalus, jaundice, diffuse IC calcifications, HSM, rash
DX Toxoplasmosis from raw or undercooked meat, unwashed veg/fruit, cat feces
tx pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folate
Levels of glucose with GDM
fasting 95, 1 hour PP <140, 2 hour PP<120
1st line tx diet, 2nd insulin, metformin, glyburide
Knee pain in young ado male athletes
Osgood Schlatter disease, quadriceps tendon puts traction on apophysis of tibial tubercle where patellar tendon sits
increased MCHC, spherocytes, negative coombs
HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS, AD
Pts with severe bladder outlet obstruction due to BPH can develop AKI. Next step.
Renal US for assessment hydronephrosis in those with worsening kidney function.
Fundo findings in CRVO
Venous dilation and tortuosity due to venous occlusion, scattered diffuse hemorrhages due to backup of blood and increased resistance, leading to ischemic damage, blood and thunder appearance due to diffuse hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, disk swelling.
67 year old male with LOC, lightheadedness over past month, ECG shows prolonged PR interval, prolonged QRS, normal QTc. What is most likely cause of syncope?
Bradyarrhythmia 2/2 high grade AV block
How does RTA present in infancy?
Failure to thrive due to chronic, normal, anion gap metabolic acidosis.