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anatomy med school > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A
  • plane-type synovial joint

- connects clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A
  • saddle type synovial joint
  • functions as ball and socket
  • connects the scapula to the thorax via the clavicle
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3
Q

deltoid fascia

A
  • descends from clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

- continues anteriorly with pectoral fascia and posteriorly with infraspinous fascia

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4
Q

pectoral fascia

A
  • descends from clavicle and sternum, investing pectoralis major
  • laterally becomes axillary fascia
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5
Q

axillary fascia

A

forms floor of axilla

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6
Q

clavipectoral fascia

A
  • descends from clavicle
  • encloses subclavius and pectoralis minor
  • continues with axillary fascia
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7
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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8
Q

action of pectoralis major

A
  • both heads: addict and medically rotate humerus
  • clavicular head: flexion of humerus
  • sternocostal head: extension of humerus
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9
Q

innervation of pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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10
Q

action of pectoralis minor

A

stabilizes scapula, holding it inferiorily and anteriorly to the thoracic wall

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11
Q

interaction of subclavius

A

nerve to subclavius

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12
Q

action of subclavius

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

action of serratus anterior

A
  • protraction of scapula
  • holds scapula against thoracic wall
  • superior rotation of scapula
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15
Q

cord levels of lateral pectoral nerve

A

c5-c7

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16
Q

cord levels of medial pectoral nerve

A

c8-t1

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17
Q

cord levels of nerve to subclavius

A

c5-c6

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18
Q

cord levels of long thoracic nerve

A

c5-c7

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19
Q

fracture to clavicle - medial

A

elevated due to sternocleidomastoid

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20
Q

fracture to clavicle - lateral

A

depressed due to weight of the arm

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21
Q

what is within the axillary sheath?

A

axillary artery and branch
axillary vein and branch
brachial plexus

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22
Q

what is outside of the axillary sheath?

A

axillary lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
axillary fat

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23
Q

right subclavian artery arises from?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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24
Q

left subclavian artery arises from?

A

aortic arch

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25
Q

where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

lateral border of 1st rib

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26
Q

where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

inferior border of teres major

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27
Q

branches of the axillary artery

A
  1. superior thoracic artery
  2. thoracocacromial artery
  3. lateral thoracic artery
  4. subscapular artery
  5. anterior circumflex humeral artery
  6. posterior circumflex humeral artery
28
Q

cephalic vein

A
  • superficial, subcutaneous vein of the lateral arm

- travels through deltopectoral groove piercing clavipectoral fascia, feeding into axillary vein

29
Q

axillary vein

A
  • union of brachial and basilic veins

- changes name at lateral boarder of 1st rib to subclavian vein (just like the arteries)

30
Q

what are the 2 superficial veins?

A

cephalic and basilic veins

31
Q

intercostal nerves

A

t1-11

32
Q

external female breast

A

tissue extends transversely form lateral boarder of sternum to maxillary line and vertically for ribs 2-6

33
Q

polymastia

A

accessory breast

34
Q

polythelia

A

accessory nipples

35
Q

amastia

A

no breast development

36
Q

gynecomastia

A

breast hypertrophy in males (man boobs)

37
Q

retromammary space

A

space between breast and pectoral fascia

38
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

gives boobs shape

39
Q

secretory lobules

A

functional part of breasts

40
Q

gland drainage flow

A

lactiferous ducts dilates into lactiferous sinus and narrows again into lactiferous ducts

41
Q

lateral thoracic artery

A

gives lateral mammory branches

42
Q

posterior intercostal arteries

A

gives mammory branches from lateral cutaneous branches

43
Q

internal thoracic artery

A

gives medial mammory branches from anterior intercostal arteries

44
Q

nerves of the breast are transmitted from where?

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6 intercostal nerves

45
Q

somatic sensory fibers in breasts go where?

A

skin

46
Q

sympathetic fibers in breasts go where?

A

blood vessels and smooth muscles of skin and nipples

47
Q

where does the nipple sit?

A

t4 dermatome

48
Q

lymphatic drainage of breast

A

lymph passes from nipple, areola, and lobules to the subareolar lymphatic plexus

49
Q

what lymph node receives most lymph drainage?

A

axillary lymph node (>75%)

50
Q

lymph in medial quadrant usually passes to what lymph node?

A

parasternal lymph nodes (can travel to contralateral breast)

51
Q

lymph in inferior quadrant usually passes to what lymph node?

A

subdiaphgragmatic lymph nodes

52
Q

lymph traveling to axillary lymph nodes travel through what lymph node first?

A

pectoral lymph node

53
Q

cancer invades glandular tissue

A

large dimples caused by shortening of suspensory ligaments

54
Q

cancer invades lactiferous ducts

A

retraction and deviation of nipple caused by shortening of lactiferous ducts. common in subareolar breast cancer

55
Q

cancer interference with lymphatic drainage

A

lymphadema (excess fluid in subcutaneous tissue), orange peel appearance. dimples causes by shortening of suspensory ligaments

56
Q

cancer invades retromammary space, pectoral fascia, or interpectoral lymph nodes

A

breast elevates when muscle contracts (sign of advanced breast cancer); invasion of pectoral fascia charcterisic of rock-hard fixed nodule

57
Q

simple/total mastectomy

A

removes breast tissue

58
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

removes breast tissue and lymph nodes

59
Q

radical mastectomy

A

removes breast tissue, lymph nodes, and muscles

60
Q

how are mammographs taken? (orientation)

A

medial to lateral, by smashin boobs between 2 plates

61
Q

galactogram

A

inject dye into ducts, the dye spreads thoughout the ducts

62
Q

sentinel node imaging

A

inject compound around tumor and only effected lymph nodes take up compound

63
Q

ribosomes

A

composed of proteins that bind around a ore rRNA

64
Q

cytoplasmic RAN

A

high RAN GDP

65
Q

nuclear RAN

A

highRAN GTP

66
Q

Chromatin is not part of what structure

A

nuclear envelope

anatomy med school (3 decks)

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