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week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A
  • plane-type synovial joint

- connects clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

sternoclavicular joint

A
  • saddle type synovial joint
  • functions as ball and socket
  • connects the scapula to the thorax via the clavicle
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3
Q

deltoid fascia

A
  • descends from clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

- continues anteriorly with pectoral fascia and posteriorly with infraspinous fascia

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4
Q

pectoral fascia

A
  • descends from clavicle and sternum, investing pectoralis major
  • laterally becomes axillary fascia
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5
Q

axillary fascia

A

forms floor of axilla

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6
Q

clavipectoral fascia

A
  • descends from clavicle
  • encloses subclavius and pectoralis minor
  • continues with axillary fascia
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7
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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8
Q

action of pectoralis major

A
  • both heads: addict and medically rotate humerus
  • clavicular head: flexion of humerus
  • sternocostal head: extension of humerus
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9
Q

innervation of pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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10
Q

action of pectoralis minor

A

stabilizes scapula, holding it inferiorily and anteriorly to the thoracic wall

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11
Q

interaction of subclavius

A

nerve to subclavius

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12
Q

action of subclavius

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

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13
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

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14
Q

action of serratus anterior

A
  • protraction of scapula
  • holds scapula against thoracic wall
  • superior rotation of scapula
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15
Q

cord levels of lateral pectoral nerve

A

c5-c7

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16
Q

cord levels of medial pectoral nerve

A

c8-t1

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17
Q

cord levels of nerve to subclavius

A

c5-c6

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18
Q

cord levels of long thoracic nerve

A

c5-c7

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19
Q

fracture to clavicle - medial

A

elevated due to sternocleidomastoid

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20
Q

fracture to clavicle - lateral

A

depressed due to weight of the arm

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21
Q

what is within the axillary sheath?

A

axillary artery and branch
axillary vein and branch
brachial plexus

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22
Q

what is outside of the axillary sheath?

A

axillary lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
axillary fat

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23
Q

right subclavian artery arises from?

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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24
Q

left subclavian artery arises from?

A

aortic arch

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25
where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
lateral border of 1st rib
26
where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
inferior border of teres major
27
branches of the axillary artery
1. superior thoracic artery 2. thoracocacromial artery 3. lateral thoracic artery 4. subscapular artery 5. anterior circumflex humeral artery 6. posterior circumflex humeral artery
28
cephalic vein
- superficial, subcutaneous vein of the lateral arm | - travels through deltopectoral groove piercing clavipectoral fascia, feeding into axillary vein
29
axillary vein
- union of brachial and basilic veins | - changes name at lateral boarder of 1st rib to subclavian vein (just like the arteries)
30
what are the 2 superficial veins?
cephalic and basilic veins
31
intercostal nerves
t1-11
32
external female breast
tissue extends transversely form lateral boarder of sternum to maxillary line and vertically for ribs 2-6
33
polymastia
accessory breast
34
polythelia
accessory nipples
35
amastia
no breast development
36
gynecomastia
breast hypertrophy in males (man boobs)
37
retromammary space
space between breast and pectoral fascia
38
suspensory ligaments
gives boobs shape
39
secretory lobules
functional part of breasts
40
gland drainage flow
lactiferous ducts dilates into lactiferous sinus and narrows again into lactiferous ducts
41
lateral thoracic artery
gives lateral mammory branches
42
posterior intercostal arteries
gives mammory branches from lateral cutaneous branches
43
internal thoracic artery
gives medial mammory branches from anterior intercostal arteries
44
nerves of the breast are transmitted from where?
anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6 intercostal nerves
45
somatic sensory fibers in breasts go where?
skin
46
sympathetic fibers in breasts go where?
blood vessels and smooth muscles of skin and nipples
47
where does the nipple sit?
t4 dermatome
48
lymphatic drainage of breast
lymph passes from nipple, areola, and lobules to the subareolar lymphatic plexus
49
what lymph node receives most lymph drainage?
axillary lymph node (>75%)
50
lymph in medial quadrant usually passes to what lymph node?
parasternal lymph nodes (can travel to contralateral breast)
51
lymph in inferior quadrant usually passes to what lymph node?
subdiaphgragmatic lymph nodes
52
lymph traveling to axillary lymph nodes travel through what lymph node first?
pectoral lymph node
53
cancer invades glandular tissue
large dimples caused by shortening of suspensory ligaments
54
cancer invades lactiferous ducts
retraction and deviation of nipple caused by shortening of lactiferous ducts. common in subareolar breast cancer
55
cancer interference with lymphatic drainage
lymphadema (excess fluid in subcutaneous tissue), orange peel appearance. dimples causes by shortening of suspensory ligaments
56
cancer invades retromammary space, pectoral fascia, or interpectoral lymph nodes
breast elevates when muscle contracts (sign of advanced breast cancer); invasion of pectoral fascia charcterisic of rock-hard fixed nodule
57
simple/total mastectomy
removes breast tissue
58
modified radical mastectomy
removes breast tissue and lymph nodes
59
radical mastectomy
removes breast tissue, lymph nodes, and muscles
60
how are mammographs taken? (orientation)
medial to lateral, by smashin boobs between 2 plates
61
galactogram
inject dye into ducts, the dye spreads thoughout the ducts
62
sentinel node imaging
inject compound around tumor and only effected lymph nodes take up compound
63
ribosomes
composed of proteins that bind around a ore rRNA
64
cytoplasmic RAN
high RAN GDP
65
nuclear RAN
highRAN GTP
66
Chromatin is not part of what structure
nuclear envelope

anatomy med school (3 decks)

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