Week 2-4 Flashcards
Traditionally refers to the study and interpretation of the written record of past human activity, people, societies, and civilizations leading up to the present day.
History
History refers to the study and interpretation of the
written record of past human activity, ______, _______, and _______ leading up to the present day.
people, societies, and civilizations
The term history comes from the Greek word _____ (_______) “an account of one’s inquiries”
, “Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation”.
historia (ἱστορία)
“the past of mankind”
History
The study of the past
History
Chronological record of significant events often including an explanation of their causes
History
Meaning of History
- The study of the past
- Chronological record of significant events often including an explanation of their causes
“Ang kasaysayan ay __________
na may _________ sa
_________ __________.”
“Ang kasaysayan ay SALAYSAY
na may SAYSAY sa
SINASALAYSAYANG
SALINGLAHI.”
Historian use all forms of evidence to:
- Examine
- Interpret
- Revisit
- Reinterpret the past
_______ is the raw material of history teaching and learning.
Evidence
History is evaluated according to its:
CREDIBILITY, AUTHENTICITY and ORIGIN
The process of critically examining and
analyzing the records and survivals of
the past is here called _______ ________
Historical Method
The process of critically examining and
analyzing the records and survivals of
the past
Historical Method
Division of History
Pre-Historic
Historic Period
Period where no written records exist or when the writings of people were not preserved
Pre-historic
analyzed through fossils and artifacts by
Archaeologist and Anthropologist
Pre-historic
analyzed through _______ and _______ by
Archaeologist and Anthropologist
fossils, artifacts
Period when man started to write and record events using a system of writing
Historic period
analyzed through wood carves, engraved metals, written papyrus, written papers
Historic period
[Historic Period]
analyzed through _____ ______, _____ ______, _______ ______, ______ ________
wood carves, engraved metals, written papyrus, written papers
The imaginative
reconstruction of the past
from the data derived by
that process
Historiography
(the writing of history).
Historiography
The practice of historical
writing
Historiography
Relevance of History
- allows us to understand our past, which in turn allows us to understand our present.
- have to look to history for answers.
- to learn from our mistakes and avoid repeating them in the future.
- provide us with insight into our cultures of origin as well as, thereby increasing cross-cultural awareness and understanding.
provide us with insight into our cultures of origin as well as, thereby increasing cross-cultural awareness and understanding.
relevance of history
allows us to understand our past, which in turn allows us to understand our present
relevance of history
have to look to history for answers.
relevance of history
to learn from our mistakes and avoid repeating them in the future.
relevance of history
HISTORY IS DIVIDED INTO
6 DIFFERENT TYPES:
Social History
Political History
Economic History
Diplomatic History
Intellectual History
Cultural History
in 1998, He published an article
with the American Historical Association that enumerated the reasons why we should study
history.
Peter N. Stearns
Why should we study History?
- History helps us understand people and societies
- History helps us understand change and how society we live came to be.
- History contributes to moral understanding
- History provides identity.
- Studying History is Essential for Good Citizenship.
[Why we should study history?]
History helps us understand ______ and ______.
people, societies
[Why we should study history?]
History contributes to ________ ____________
moral understanding
[Why we should study history]
History helps us understand ______ and how _____ ____ _____ came to be
change, society we live
[Why we should study history?]
History provides ________.
identity
[Why we should study history?]
Studying History is Essential for ______ __________
good citizenship
[Why we should study history? — 3. History contributes to
moral understanding]
History also provides a _______ for ______ ___________
terrain, moral contemplation.
[Why we should study history? — 3. History contributes to
moral understanding]
Studying the stories of individuals and situations in the past allows a student of history to test his or her own ______ ______, to hone it against some of the _____ ____________ individuals have faced in difficult settings
moral sense, real complexities
[Why we should study history? — 4. History provides identity.]
_________ include evidence about how families, groups, institutions and whole countries were formed and about how they have evolved while retaining cohesion.
Historical data
[Why we should study history? — 5. Studying History is Essential
for Good Citizenship.]
Sometimes, advocates of
citizenship history hope merely to promote
national identity and loyalty through a
history spiced by _____ ______ and _______
in individual success and morality.
vivid stories, lessons
Refer to documents, physical objects and
oral/video accounts made by an individual or a
group present at the time and place being
described. These
Primary Sources
These materials provide facts from
people who actually witnessed the event.
Primary Soures
Created at the time when the events or conditions occurred, but can also be created later if based on first hand experiences.
Primary Sources
Different kinds of primary sources
- Published Documents
- Unpublished Documents
- Historical Documents
- Oral Traditions
- Artworks and Artifacts
documents intended for public
distribution or use.
Published Documents
documents that are not published may be used as primary sources
Unpublished Documents
Traditions and histories or stories
transferred through generations may tell us something about the past.
Oral Traditions
Drawings, paintings, sculptures,
photographs, and artifacts are some of the visual documents that may have captured historic moments and provide evidence to change that happened over time.
Artworks and Artifacts
Sample of Primary Source
- Diary of Anne Frank
- Sarah Morgan Dawson: A Confederate Girl’s
Diary - Nelson Mandela “Long Walk to Freedom
Direct contact with the original records and artifacts invites students to explore the content with active and deeper analysis, and to respond thoughtfully.
Importance of using Primary Source
Critical thinking is developed as students probe the context, purpose, meaning, bias, and perspectives in their analysis of the past.
Importance of using Primary Source
In the interaction with the various sources from the past, a learn-led inquiry is being fostered.
Importance of using Primary Source
There is a realization that history is a reflection of various perspectives of those who interpret the past events.
Importance of using Primary Source
It brings back to story to history allowing students to share the author’s perspectives.
Importance of using Primary Source
Are records based on primary sources.
secondary sources
They explain a certain event of the past through evaluation and interpretation of the records created during a historical period.
secondary sources
Are materials made by people long after the
events being described had taken place.
secondary sources
Primary and Secondary sources should be
evaluated its validity and credibility by
asking these questions:
- How did the author know about the given details? Was the author present at the event?
- Where did the information come from? Is it a
personal experience, an eyewitness account etc? - Did the author conclude based on a single or
multiple sources?
It involves critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.
Historical Method
______ refers to the process of probing primary sources that will be used in writing history. This includes______ ______ which studies the _______ and ______ validity of sources
Historical Method, source criticism, external, internal
[EXTERNAL CRITICISM]
According to ______ __ _______and _____ _________in _____ , source criticism asks the following questions:
Gilbert J. Garraghan and Jean Delanglez, 1946
The first five questions are considered to be part of ______ _______.
external criticism
Source criticism asks the following questions:
- When was the source, written or unwritten, produced?
- Where was it produced? By whom was it produced?
- From what pre-existing material was it produced?
- In what original form was it produced?
What is the evidential value of its contents?
Answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of a historical source by identifying that composed the historical
material
external criticism
locating when and where the historical material was produced
external criticism
establishing the material’s evidential value
external criticism
External Criticism Looks into:
[1] Appearance,
[2] Consistency with the historical period,
[3] Medium of the source,
[4] Quality of paper and the ink, and the
[5] Grammar or handwriting of the author.
The last question is treated as ______ _______ as it helps the historians determine the ______ of the source. (What is the evidential value of its contents? )
internal criticism, credibility
Deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a given historical source
Internal Criticism
Internal Criticism is focused on the following;
[1] Quest for particular details.
[2] Focus attention on the author or creator,
[3] situation surrounding its existence and the
[4] Intended audience or reader.
______ in _______ has explained the ______ between external and internal criticism in the illustration:
Neuman, 2013, difference
Repositories of Primary Sources
- THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES
- THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES
- THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
- NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES
The NAP is holding about _________ archival documents with Spanish Collection comprising an estimated 13,000,000 manuscripts from the 16th to 19th Century with 400 titles on various aspects of Philippine history under the
a.) Spanish rule
b.) American and Japanese occupation
records, and
c.) recent records composed of notarial documents, registers, civil service records, and 1,000 cubic meter of inactive records of national/local governments, including those of abolished, transferred or merged offices.
60,000
the repository of the printed and recorded cultural heritage of the country and other intellectual, literary and information sources.
National Library of the Philippines
It was established by a royal decree on 12 August 1887 and named as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas.
National Library of the Philippines
National Library of the Philippines was established by a ______ ________ on __ ________ ______ and named as the Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas.
royal decree, 12 August 1887
National Library of the Philippines was established by a royal decree on 12 August 1887 and named as the ________-_________ __ ________.
Museo-Biblioteca de Filipinas
Its mission is to acquire, organize, conserve, and preserve Filipiniana materials and provide equitable access to library resources through a system of public libraries throughout the country.
National Library of the Philippines
Its collection covers fine arts,
archeology, ethnography, and natural history.
National Museum
A government agency of the Philippines.
NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Its mission is to promote the Philippine History and cultural heritage through research, dissemination, conservation, conservation, sites management and heraldry works.
NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
[Why we should study history? — 1. History helps us understand people and societies]
In the first place, history offers a _______ __ _____ about how people and societies behave.
storehouse of information
refers to records of past events
Historical Documents (primary source)
