Week 2&3 Diabetes and Nutrition Flashcards
Endogenous
The insulin the body makes (in the pancreas).
Exogenous
Insulin people inject or infuse via insulin pump.
insulin resistance
A resistance to the hormone insulin, resulting in increasing blood sugar.
Polydipsia
excessive thirst (3 Ps)
Polyphagia
excessive hunger (3 Ps)
Polyuria
Frequent urination (3 Ps)
Ketones (urine ketones)
If your cells can’t get enough glucose, your body breaks down fat for energy instead. This produces an acid called ketones- which will build up in blood and urine. Associated with HYPERglycemia. >300mg/dL is considered a medical emergency.
Basal (insulin)
(Background insulin): keeps blood glucose levels at consistent levels during periods of fasting. When fasting, the body steadily releases glucose into the blood to our cells supplied with energy.
NPO
Nothing by mouth
Hypoglycemia
Blood sugar less than 70:
-Rule of 15s
-Symptoms include: irritability, anxiety, blurry vision, sweating, COMA, dizzy, hunger, headache, increased HR.
-Usually rapid onset and related to medication.
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar:
- Causes: illness, infection, self-management issues and stress.
-Symptoms: blurry vision, weakness, fatigue, N/V/D.
-May need more insulin when sick.
-Treatment: check for ketones in urine, insulin, drink fluids, prevent dehydration, education on prevention.
Continuous glucose monitoring
Help DM1/DM2 patients manage DM with fewer fingerstick tests (24 hours per day). Transmitter sends results to your phone or device.
Retinopathy
Damage to the retina related to chronic hyperglycemia.
-EDU: eye exams
Nephropathy
Damage to small blood vessels in the kidneys
Neuropathy
Nerve damage due to metabolic imbalances associated with hyperglycemia.
