Week 2-3 Flashcards
A type of knowledge that is known but cannot be told. It is the kind of knowledge that cannot be articulated because it has become internalised in the unconscious mind. Also called implicit, or “Know-How”
Tacit knowledge
A type of knowledge that is easily expressed, captured, stored and reused. It can be transmitted as data and is found in databases, books, manuals and messages. Called “Know-What”
Explicit Knowledge
Nonaka sees tacit knowledge being complimentary with which type of knowledge?
Explicit knowledge
Scientific vs Traditional Knowledge
Scientific is the result of inquiry into the external world and how it affects us
Francis Bacon – knowledge based on objective, empirical observation rather than ‘acceptance of the work of a higher being”
Descartes’ dualism – mind AND matter – each governed by set of laws
Done by experimentation or discovery
A type of knowledge that is the result of inquiry into the external world and how it affects us
Francis Bacon – knowledge based on objective, empirical observation rather than ‘acceptance of the work of a higher being”
Descartes’ dualism – mind AND matter – each governed by set of laws
Done by experimentation or discovery
Scientific Knowledge
based on teachings and experiences passed on from generation to generation.
It is knowing the country. It covers knowledge of the environment and the relationships between things.
It is holistic. It cannot be compartmentalized and cannot be separated from the people who hold it. It is rooted in the spiritual health, culture and language of the people. It is a way of life.
It is an authority system. It sets out the rules governing the use of resources - respect, an obligation to share. It is dynamic, cumulative and stable. It is truth.
It is a way of life - wisdom is using traditional knowledge in good ways. It is using the heart and the head together. It comes from the spirit in order to survive.
It gives credibility to the people.
Traditional Knowledge
Scientific knowledge is complementary to what kind of knowledge?
Traditional
Knowledge that is developed
Researched knowledge eventually become general knowledge on how something works
Classroom learning
Formal Knowledge
The type of knowledge associated with assimilation of knowledge into your every day work, and play
Knowing how to use technology
Informal knowledge
Formal knowledge is complementary to which type of knowledge?
Informal knowledge
Received worldview includes which 3 philosophical viewpoints?
Positivism, empiricism, logical positivism
reality exists independent of culture / observer
‘truth’ is based achieving correspondence (or communication) b/w theoretical concepts and observed
Science can attain a ‘value-free’ knowing of reality
Clear difference b/w other ways of knowing (religion) and science
Knowledge comes from experience
Positivism
Understanding the parts of the whole to understand the whole itself
Explain nature through hypothesis/ theory development – (describing, explaining and predicting)
Involves validity, reliability and use of instrucments which do not hold value or judgement
Testable
Empiricism
Reality is still “out there”
Science only produces an “inexact’ knowledge about reality
Conjecture and deductive reasoning are used in theory development
Observation undermines scientific theories
Many paths and methods – but still only one truth
Post-positivism
Which 4 philosophical worldviews viewpoints are associated with Perceived worldview?
Human science, phenomology, constructivism, historicism
Draws more from social sciences
“Humans in world”
Knowledge is value laden and contextual
Human interpretation differs
Human Science
Study of the phenomena occurring
Understanding is goal rather than testing for truth
Recognizes connections and how human experience same
Can include feminism, critical social theory
Phenomology
Thomas Kuhn’s idea of the paradigm
Rejects the idea that the ‘truth is out there’
Knowledge is process of social interchanges (paradigm shift) b/w people and cultures, and environment
Knowledge is built by a consensus across paradigms (the acceptance of many)
Must justify the relevance and meaningfulness of the idea, rather than just justify whether it is true or not.
Constructivism
Role of history in the development of knowledge
Shared histories create knowledge
Influence of culture, societal mores, etc creates knowledge
Interpretative
Historicism
Postmodern world view is associated with which 2 philosophical viewpoints?
Postcolonialism, Poststructuralism
Through the lens of the oppressed, oppressor
Issues of power, economics, politics, religion, and culture
Focuses on the consequences of control and exploitation of those who were “first” peoples by the colonizers (mostly European). Not historical, but present consequences (intergenerational trauma, loss of language, culture, etc).
Postcolonialism
Knowledge uncertain
Reality is flawed
Based on exploring the structure that impact knowledge creation
Poststructuralism
