Week 2 Flashcards
What is smooth pursuit?
Slow eye tracking
What is Saccade (saccadic pursuit)?
Fast eye movement
What is gaze stability?
Maintaining a constant image on the retina despite head movements
What is vestibulo-occular reflex?
Eyes move equal size and opposite direction to head
In the context of movement (learning and performance), why is higher cortical function important?
Motivation, willingness to move, perception of environment
Complex movement planning and sequencing
Motor skill acquisition and refinement
Coordination of multiple muscle groups
Adaptation to environmental changes
Integration of sensory information for precise motor control
Executive functions like problem-solving during movement tasks
Higher cortical function in movement and physiotherapy
Dual-tasking: motor / motor, motor / cognitive, dual-task interference or dual-task cost
Negotiating obstacles in movement (walking, sports, driving)
(requires perception of environment)
Goal setting and planning future activities (identify goals, planning steps, memory of past experiences) (motivation, memory, concept of future)
Language
Frontal lobe lesion -Cognition (problems)
- Executive functioning and decision making
- Emotional regulation
- Abulia / apathy (lack of motivation, willingness)
Dysexecutive syndrome
- Deficits of planning, thinking, abstract reasoning, judgement, mental
flexibility etc - Affect career progression, independent living, managing change etc.
Frontal lobe
Disinhibited behaviour
- Aggression or sexual disinhibition
- Impulsivity
Frontal lobe
Abulia / apathy
- Lack of initiation
Frontal lobe
Right fronto-parietal lesions - perception (left side limb weakness)
- Attention deficits
- Visuo-spatial-perceptual impairments
- Body schema deficits
- Agnosias (gnosis = not knowing)
Attention in physiotherapy - why is it important?
- Attention to environmental hazards.
- Attention to physiotherapy (focus)
- Dual tasking (e.g., talking while walking).
Right hemisphere of brain and frontal
What is unilateral neglect? And what type of stroke can cause this?
Unilateral neglect is characterized by a failure to attend to, respond to, or orient towards stimuli on the contralateral side. (not visual, perceptual)
Common from MCA strokes.
What is spatial/visuospatial perception?
Spatial perception includes; size, shape, depth, direction, figure ground, topographical, motion
Right hemisphere of brain
Asomatognosia (body schema dysfunction)
- Perception of having 3 arms or a snake for an arm for an example
Right hemisphere of brain
Lateropulsion
Verticality impairment - active pushing of the body across the midline toward the more affected side and/or actively resisting weight shift toward the less affected side
Right hemisphere of brain
Left fronto-parietal region – Planning (right side limb weakness)
- Motor apraxia (motor planning/organisation dysfunction)
- Aphasia (language dysfunction)
Select correct sentence
Left frontal-parietal lobe is associated with perception
Frontal lobe function is associated with perception
Right fronto-parietal lobe is assosciated with perception
3rd option
Motor apraxia
Lack of perception of movement production, unable to plan movements (not paralysis)
left hemisphere
Best definition of lateropulsion is
A verticality impairment
Why is higher cortical function in relation to physiotherapy important?
We need to consider task complexity as some exercises may require greater use of attentional and cognitive resources.
Higher cortical function is
Brain activity that occurs through the integration of different areas of the cortex
A patient with frontal lobe dysfunction may
Difficulties with executive function, difficulties with motor planning
Key challenges in sit to stand
Forward translation of COM
* Neurological
* PROM, imbalance
* Poor sensory
* Fear of falling
Upward translation of COM
* Strength deficits
* Use of UL for STS reduces hip joint force required by 50%
* Orthostatic hypotension
* Alignment of COM/BOS
Transitioning from large BOS to small BOS
Important factors for a successful STS
- Quadriceps strength correlates highest with STS performance
- Capacity to generate momentum
