Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUBS191 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone tissue type:

A

Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

% of bone that is organic

A

33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

%of bone that is inorganic

A

67%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organic component made up of:

A

Collagen and ground substance (proteoglycans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inorganic component made up of:

A

Hydroxyapatite and other Ca minerals (mineral salts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Stem cells that become osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Produce new bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteocytes

A

Recycle proteins and minerals from matrix, communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Remove bone matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lamellae

A

Layers of ECM. Contains collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Foramina in compact bone for:

A

Blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteons

A

Lengthwise units in compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteons

A

Lengthwise units in compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central canal

A

Inside Osteons, contains blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lacunae

A

Lakes for osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trabeculae

A

Columns/tubes of lamella bone in cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Foramina (cancellous)

A

Gaps between trabeculae containing marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Proteoglycans

A

Long chains of polysaccharides attached to a core protein. Retains water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Periosteum

A

Covering for bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Institutional lamellae

A

Partially absorbed remnants of Osteons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Osteoporosis risk factors

A

Low calcium, exercise.
High salt, alcohol, and smoking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bone homeostasis

A

Maintaining the balance of OB and OC activity to maintain bone mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bone turns to cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which part of the bone ossifies first?

A

Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Steps of ossification:

A
  1. Calcification
  2. Blood vessels and osteoblasts enter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Layer of cartilage between diaphysis and epiphyses:

A

Growth/epiphyseal plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Two types of cartilage in joints:

A

Hyaline (articular) (main type)
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hyaline (articular) cartilage:

A

Resists compression, removes friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hyaline (articular) cartilage is made of:

A

a lot of water, not many collagen fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hyaline (articular) cartilage is found:

A

Moulded to articulating surfaces of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fibrocartilage:

A

Resists compressions and tension, shock absorbs, deepens articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fibrocartilage is made of:

A

Many collagen fibre bundles (aligned with stresses)

34
Q

Ligaments connect:

A

Bone to bone

35
Q

Ligaments restrict movement in which direction?

A

Away from themselves

36
Q

Bony congruence

A

Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation

37
Q

Fibrous joints movement capability:

38
Q

Cartilaginous joints movement capability:

39
Q

Sunovial joints movement capability:

40
Q

Bones grow wider

A

Appositional growth

41
Q

Cartilaginous model

A

Temporary cartilage framework that is replaced by bone

42
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

Lamellae surrounding bone

43
Q

DFCT

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

44
Q

DFCT makes up:

A

Ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules

45
Q

DFCT is made of:

A

Tightly packed collagen fibres and some elastin fibres.

Also contains fibroblasts.

46
Q

DFCT is designed to:

A

Resist tension

47
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that create and maintain connective tissues

48
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Make cartilage ECM

49
Q

Chondrocytes are found:

A

In lacunae in cartilage

50
Q

Avascular

A

No blood vessels

51
Q

Cartilage is avascular/not avascular

52
Q

Nutrients enter cartilage via

A

Joint loading. Pushed in when body moves

53
Q

Tendons connect:

A

Bone to muscle

54
Q

Tendons have more/less elastin than ligaments

55
Q

Elastin

A

Stretchy protein

56
Q

Fibrous joints made of:

A

Ligaments made of DFCT

57
Q

Cartilaginous joints made of:

A

Fibrocartilage

58
Q

Synovial joints are made of:

A

Hyaline (articular) cartilage

59
Q

ROM

A

Range of movement/motion

60
Q

Joint capsule outer layer made from:

A

DFCT, stops leakage

61
Q

Joint capsule inner layer made of:

A

Synovial membrane - thin layer of cells.

62
Q

Joint cavity

A

Space inside joint capsule, allows for movement

63
Q

Synovial membrane functions

A

Holds nutrients for joint loading

Helps frictionless movement

Secretes synovial fluid

64
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Fills joint cavity and lubricates joint

65
Q

Capsular ligaments

A

Thick parts of joint capsule where more support is needed. Not all synovial joints have these.

66
Q

Eg. of capsular ligaments

A

Collateral ligaments of knee:
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

67
Q

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A

Connects femur to tibia, restricts abduction

68
Q

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A

Connects femur to fibula, restricts adduction

69
Q

Intracapsular ligaments

A

Ligaments inside capsule. Only some joints have these.

70
Q

Eg. of intracapsular ligaments

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

71
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Anterior of tibia to posterior of femur.

Restricts posterior displacement of femur

72
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Posterior of tibia to posterior to anterior of femur.

Restricts anterior displacement of femur

73
Q

Fibrocartilaginous pads

A

Fill in space
Provide shock absorption
Deepen articulations

Only found in some joints

74
Q

Eg. Of Fibrocartilaginous pads

A

Menisci (plural) in knee that provides shock absorption and stability

75
Q

Plane

A

Multiaxial

76
Q

Hinge

77
Q

Pivot

78
Q

Condylar

79
Q

Ellipsoid

80
Q

Saddle

81
Q

Ball and socket

A

Multiaxial

HUBS191 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions