week 2 Flashcards
What does the capacity building process do?
strengthens the ability of a community, or health organization to develop and implement health promotion initiatives
when can capacity building become realized?
When the community is empowered to change and overcome deficits
What is the Epidemiologic Framework ?
epidemiologic triangle (host–environment–agent) to examine the frequency and distribution of a disease or health condition
What are 4 aspects of community assessment?
1.environmental scan
2.needs assessment
3.problem investigation
4.resource evaluation
What is community mobilization?
taking action at a grassroots level to generate solutions to common problems that will eventually involve the larger community
What is community governance?
the collective group norms, negotiations, and decision-making processes
what are the 2 planning stages in development of a logic model?
CAT (components, activities, and target groups)
SOLO (short-term outcomes and long-term outcomes)
What is the program evaluation toolkit?
Incorporates the use of a logic model
Identifies which evaluation processes may be used to inform decision making during program planning and implementation
What are GANTT charts?
used to present the sequence and timing of activities that must take place in order to accomplish the specific objectives of the program or project
What are the 5 elements of multiple Intervention program framework?
1.Identification of community health issue
-Epidemiological and surveillance data are used
2.Describe socioecological features - sociostrucural issues
3.Intervention options- primary, primordial, secondary, etc.
4.Optimizing intervention strategies- which will have optimal impact
5.Monitoring and evaluating impacts, spin-offs, and sustainability
what are spinoffs?
unintended effects of a program and may be identified through reflective approaches such as the maintenance of field notes
what is sustainability concerned with?
concerns the longer-term viability of program interventions that might be evidenced when an intervention becomes part of the routine
What is evidence informed decision making?
- evidence from a variety of sources
- clinical expertise is integrated to make decisions
- Evolved from the initial work done in evidence-based nursing
4.Research is integrated with other information that might influence the management of health issues and problems
What is PICO(s)?
P—population, I—intervention, C—comparison, and O—outcomes, or S – situation.
What is Epidimiology?
“the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specified populations”
eg)
we saw a lot of it in covid
outbreaks of measles etc.
Flu watch
Soy contamination
the government gathers all this info
Who first noticed the relationship between the environment and health or disease ?
Hippocrates
who noticed a relationship between cholera deaths and drinking water source?
John Snow
who used influence and record-keeping to implement sanitation practices that significantly decreased death rates ?
Florence Nightingale
Screening and surveillance are used by public health officials to assist in the prevention or control of certain diseases is what type of prevention?
secondary
What is screening?
the testing of individuals who do not have symptoms in order to detect a health problem – like pap tests
What is surveillance?
the constant watching or monitoring of diseases to assess patterns and quickly identify events that do not fit the pattern – we saw this a lot in covid. we do this constantly in public health
ie) tracking outbreaks, mandatory monitoring like of TB
What is causation?
an association that has been confirmed and there is a definite, statistical, cause-and-effect relationship between a particular stimulus and occurrence of a disease
What is association?
occurs when there is reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a stressor or environmental factor and a disease or health challenge
What 2 things must be present in establishing causality?
1.particular stressor must be present
2. and sufficient amount of exposure is required to result in the disease
What is a web of causation ?
A model
helps us visualize the many causes or relationships that influence a given health challenge
what do common rates include?
- Mortality (death) rates: crude, specific, and proportional mortality rates
- Survival (prognosis) rates: describe the effect of a given disease and can be used to compare the efficacy of various treatments
What are the 3 parts of the epidimiologic triangle?
- Host characteristics (who)
- agent type (what)
3.Environmental characteristics (Where)
What research methods are used in epidimiology?
Case reports
Case series
Cross-Sectional studies
Case-control studies
Ecological studies
examines the individual histories of a group of people manifesting a certain disease
cohort studies
begin in the present and search the past for information to explain the present
retrospectie studies
(or longitudinal studies) begin in the present and follow the subjects into the future or make predictions that can be tested at a later date
prospective studies
What are the 4 steps of data analysis?
classification
summarization
interpretation
validation
must do this with the community
What are the First Nations’ OCAP principles?
ownership
control
access
possession
What do we need to ask after summary statements have been drafted?
Does the data make sense?
Are there any gaps, inconsistencies, or omissions in the data?
