week 1 Flashcards
what are the 5 key actions of the Ottawa charter?
*Build healthy public policy
*Create supportive environments
*Strengthen community action
*Develop personal skills
*Reorient health services toward preventing diseases and promoting health
What is population Health?
An overarching approach to health that targets the improvement of specific groups toward reducing health inequities
What is primary care?
“first line” of clinical services that provides an entry point to the health care system
whose influence and record-keeping that authorities were persuaded to implement sanitation practices that significantly decreased the death rates during the Crimean war?
Florence Nightingale
The process of systematic collection, orderly consolidation, analysis, and evaluation of pertinent data with prompt dissemination of the results to those who need to know is referred to as
surveillance
This was established in September 2004 and was confirmed as a legal entity in December 2006
Public health agency of Canada
According to the Public health agency of Canada, what is Population health?
“an approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups….it acts upon the broad range of factors and conditions that have a strong influence on our health”
What is fundamental to health promotion?
Social determinants of health
what do upstream interventions target?
social and structural determinants of health
What do midstream interventions target?
inequities in environments and living conditions
what are downstream interventions targeted to?
changing individual behaviour, building skills, and/or treating the health issues
What is primary care?
“first line” of clinical services that provides an entry point to the health care system
What are the 5 principles of Primary Health care?
1.Accessibility,
2.Public participation,
3.Health promotion,
4.Appropriate technology
5. Intersectoral collaboration or co-operation
what are the 5 key actions of the Ottawa charter?
1.Build healthy public policy
2. Create supportive environments
3. Strengthen community action
4. Develop personal skills
5. Reorient health services toward preventing diseases and promoting health.
What is the population health promotion model?
4 part structure that helps us understand the who, what, how, and why of intervention or action on multiple levels across a society to create healthy change
what are the 4 parts of the population health model?
- determinants of health (what)
- Foundations (why)
- the levels of action (who)
- action strategies (how) - these are the Ottawa charter actions
how does the CNA encourage nurses to support the health of society?
by promoting public policies that address the social determinants of health
What are the 4 P’s of social marketing?
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
What is an example of social marketing?
pictures on smoking boxes
what are 3 very important things nurses do in Health promotion practice?
- research
- activism
- advocacy
in upstream/downstream, primoridial prevention is which?
the most upstream
What is primordial prevention?
things that change public policy - change societal structures
What is primary prevention?
measures that alter exposure to disease.
like immunizations
secondary to primordial prevention
What is secondary prevention?
measures that detect pathological processes early on. Such as population based screenings
What is tertiary prevention?
measures that prevent relapse and further deterioration
eg) follow up care and rehab
what is quaternary prevention?
the most downstream
measures to identify people who are at risk at harms from over medicalization
eg) overdiagnosing and polypharmacy
what 2 preventions are in the etiologic stage of disease process?
Primodial
primary
what are socioenvironmental strategies geared towards?
Policy, determinants of health, structural issues
What does it mean to work midstream?
changing the CAUSES of health issues
eg) housing, employment, food security
What does it mean to work upstream
changing /diminishing the causes of the CAUSES of health issues
eg) social status, income, racism - basically socially constructed social issues that create barriers. policy change
what is an example of upstream when dealing with smoking?
Policy
Legislation to limit ability of tobacco companies to advertise (or sell) their products
Reducing social conditions that predispose people to smoke in the first place (e.g., poverty, unemployment, low education, social exclusion/marginalization)
What is an example of midstream when thinking of smoking issues?
Community
Smoking prevention programs in schools
Social marketing/media campaigns to communicate risks of smoking
Enforcing bans on sales of cigarettes to minors
What is an example of downstream when thinking of smoking?
individual/family level
Smoking cessation therapy/techniques for individuals
Counselling individuals re: healthy ways to deal with stress
What are the 4 values of health promotion?
1.Social justice
2.Equity in health
3.Social responsibility for health
4.The public/common good
