Week 2 Flashcards
Recognizing Arguments and Basic Logical Concepts
declarative sentences are sentences that are not:
commands, prayers, questions
T or F not all declarative sentences is true or false
True
not all declarative sentences have to be either true or false in content
What are statements
a declarative sentence that is either true or false (Not both)
what is a conclusion
the statement that aims to convince you of something is true
what is premises
reasons for believing the conclusion.
basically rest of the argument aside from the conclusion.
argument vs explanation
argument = gives reason for the conclusion
explanation = tells why and how something is the case
what are indicator words
used to indicate if an argument (either premise or conclusion) is being made
deductive argument is
provide logically conclusive (TRUE) premise to support conclusion (which must be then true)
inductive argument is
gives plausible premise to support conclusion
(in = inaccurate maybe)
valid means
if premise is true = conclusion is true
if theres logical flow (FORMAT)
is validity an all or nothing thing
yes
soundness means
if deductive arguments are valid (FORMAT is good) with TRUE premises
what do you need to check if you want to evaluate an argument’s soundness
if premise are true
if premise supports the conclusion (proper format)
strong vs weak inductive argument
strong inductive: premise is true = more than likely conclusion
weak inductive: conclusion being argued to be likely doesn’t follow the probability presented as premise
what is cogent argument
argument that is: inductively strong & all true premise
what is uncogent argument
inductive argument that is: weak OR/AND at least 1 false premise
