Week 2 Flashcards
electronegative;
Able to pull electrons to itself
- Explain the different properties of
1. Covalent – non-polar vs. polar
Polar- Unequally shared electrons
Nonpolar- equally shared electrons
cations;
Positively charged ions
anions;
Negatively charged ions
metabolites;
Intermediate products produced during metabolism
nucleosides;
Subunit of nucleic acids made of sugar and base (no phosphate)
saccharides;
Single unit of carbohydrate. One or two ringed structure
glycosidic;
covalent bond between sugar and another organic molecule (maybe sugar, maybe not)
- List the properties of water and how they contribute to maintaining life as we know it (PPT slides
may be especially helpful for this)
*Both covalent O–H bonds are highly
polarized
*All three atoms readily form H-bonds
High specific heat
* High boiling point
* High heat of vaporization
* Good solvent for polar solutes
Excellent solvent
* Fluid matrix for
macromolecules of the
cellular structures
* Reactant in metabolism,
other reactions
* Protection from heat, cold
* Interaction/lack of
interaction with water
guides macromolecular
structural formation
- Explain the differences between acids and bases and how this relates to pH scale
Acids- Proton donor, pH less than 7
Bases- Proton receiver, pH greater than 7
- Explain the different macromolecules, how they are constructed from monomers (if they create
polymers), their structural properties/atomic components, packaging means/linkages/folding
(There is quite a bit here, make sure you read the most relevant sections from the book and
combine with the PPT)
1. DNA/RNA
Negatively charged sugar phosphate backbone with 5’ and 3’ carbons bound to phosphate for deoxy/ribose, Uses phosphodiester bonds.. nitrogenous base on the side.
- Biotech – Explain the basics of:
- PCR
With each cycle of duplication, the strands are separated, flanking segments (primers) bind to the ends of the selected region, and the polymerase copies the intervening segment.
Explain the basics of: Restriction digests
DNA is cut with restriction enzymes, sorted with an electric current by size in gel electrophoresis
Explain the basics of: DNA sequencing
Fluorescent nucleotides labeled, nucleotide at end of sequence read. Length of DNA is used to build sequence
- Explain the different properties of
2. Ionic
Attraction between charged ions
- Explain the different properties of
3. Hydrogen
Hydrogen bears a partial positive charge when
covalently bonded to an electronegative atom
- Explain the different properties of
4. Van der Waals
transitory dipoles within covalent
create a weak attractive force
- Explain the different macromolecules, how they are constructed from monomers (if they create
polymers), their structural properties/atomic components, packaging means/linkages/folding
(There is quite a bit here, make sure you read the most relevant sections from the book and
combine with the PPT)
2. Carbohydrates
Made of ringed carbon structures bonded with glycosidic linkages, (1-4 alpha bonds or 1-6 beta bonds)
- Explain the different macromolecules, how they are constructed from monomers (if they create
polymers), their structural properties/atomic components, packaging means/linkages/folding
(There is quite a bit here, make sure you read the most relevant sections from the book and
T)
3. Protein
Made from amino acids, joined with peptide bonds, have an N and C terminus with R groups that interact with each other to fold
- Explain the different macromolecules, how they are constructed from monomers (if they create
polymers), their structural properties/atomic components, packaging means/linkages/folding
(There is quite a bit here, make sure you read the most relevant sections from the book and
combine with the PPT)
4. Lipids
Fats consist of a glycerol molecule linked by ester bonds to three fatty acids. Can be saturated or unsaturated with Hs
