Week 2 Flashcards
What are the Development Approaches?
What does Modernization Theory believe in?
it considers what GS countries must do –the formula for newly-independent countries– to modernize.
* Western policymakers 1950s
* Cold War context! (US allies)
* Aimed to transform: (3) economies, societies, and values systems
* Juxtaposed ‘Traditional’ & ‘Modern’ societies
Why was the Cold War context crucial to the formation of Modernization Theory?
Prepared countries for democratization to become allies of the West
* The US emerged as major player, had control over many GS countries while they gained their independence
* Post WWII engaged massive investments in universities ⇒ free tuition for soldiers from war, promoted # of people in schools (academia’s influence),
According to Modernization Theory, ‘Traditional Societies’ are…
Distribution of wealth is pyramidal, & unfree
* Rural, Agrarian, Custom & religion
* United by clan ties, extended family
* Little or no upward mobility
* Lack of access to education
* Economy based on primary forms of production (raw materials)
According to Modernization Theory, a ‘Modern Society’ is…
Distribution of wealth is diamond-shaped, & ‘ready to democratize’
* Urban, Industrial, Secular
* Individual, nuclear family ties
* Upwardly and spatially mobile
* Access to education
* Economy based on secondary forms of production (process rm for manuf.)
Is democracy necessarily better for economic growth?
In a democracy, competition for state resources by interest groups & political parties ==> may cause chaos
In authoritarian gov’ts, they can just focus on strengthening an economy ==> lack of accountability
What does Dependency Theory believe in?
- Explains global political economy using Core & Periphery Dynamics
*
How does DT describe the Core & Periphery Dynamics?
elaborated the notion of ‘underdeveloped’ instead of developing countries’
- Core: industrialized countries that consume raw materials extracted from peripheral countries (colonies)
- Periphery: colonized countreis that export raw materials to be transformed by industries in core countries (‘metropol’)
What does global inequality have to do with core & periphery dynamics?
Global Inequality argues that GN’s great wealth arose from the exploitation of the GS
* “Underdevelopment” as the active subversion of development (rather than the absence of development)
GS countries were kept in the ‘peripheral’ of the global economy, made it unrealistic to expect that they could easily achieve development through a few easy steps.
What did Walter Rodney say about “Underdevelopment”?
the dependency theorist argued that ‘development’ & ‘underdevelopment’ are comparative and dialectical since the two help produce one another by interacting
In the title of his 1972 book, ‘Underdeveloped’ is used as a verb to describe the process caused by GN (exploitation)
