week 2

Question 1

Systematic review

Answer 1

Combines multiple papers together

+ve: comprehensive summary
-ve: dependent on quality of the evidence provided

Question 1

RCT

Answer 1

one group allocated to control group, one group allocated to intervention group

+ve: high internal validity
-ve: expensive and time consuming

Question 2

Cohort studies

Answer 2

group of people followed over a period of time
+ve: study risk factors and prognosis
-ve: confounding and selection bias

Question 3

Case-control studies

Answer 3

compare patients with a condition to those without to identify factors that may contribute to the condition
+ve: studying rare conditions
-ve: high potential for bias

Question 4

Cross sectional study

Answer 4

observe a population at one point in time to determine prevelence and associations
+ve: assessing prevelence
-ve: cannot establish relationships

Question 5

Selection bias

Answer 5

study is not representative of the target population

Question 6

Recall Bias

Answer 6

when participants dont accurently remeber past events of exposures

Question 7

observer bias

Answer 7

when researchers expectations influence their observations

Question 8

confounding

Answer 8

when an outside factor affects the relationship between exposure and the outcome

Question 9

performance bias

Answer 9

difference in how intervention and control groups are treated

Question 10

attrition bias

Answer 10

unequal loss of participants in study groups