Week 2 Flashcards
What is the civil defense act 1948?
It’s aim was to decrease the possibility of civilian casualties during the Cold
War.
* There were numerous cases, such as civil disasters, which led to the review of the existing emergency management system in 1989 and 1991.
* The UK Fuel Blockade crisis of 2000 raised the question about complexity and lack of capacity of structure.
* This led the UK to adjust its focus and review the emergency management system which was implemented through Home Office.
* In 2001, responsibility for civil protection moved from Home Office to the Civil Contingencies Secretariat in the Cabinet
* Civil Defense Act 1948 was replaced by the Civil Contingencies Act (2004).
What is an emergency classified as in the civil contingencies act 2004?
An event or situation which threatens serious damage to human welfare or the
environment in the United Kingdom, or war, or terrorism, which threatens serious
damage to the security of the United Kingdom.
What is the police gold commander?
The Public Order Gold Commander determines the overarching strategy to spontaneous or pre-planned public order/public safety events as a resource to enable an effective policing response and act, where needed, in a mutual aid capacity
What are some examples of international organisations that facilitate worldwide police cooperation and crime control?
Interpol, International rescue committee, Kenyon.
What are the 3 levels in mass disaster management?
- Operational (bronze)
- Tactical (silver)
- strategic (gold)
What happens at the operational level (bronze)?
- ‘hands-on’ work in the emergency site.
- Personnel first on the scene will assess the nature/extent of the problem.
- Operational commander:
- Will retain command over their resources
- Need to liaise with other agencies.
- Need to implement the Tactical Commander’s plan.
- E.g. Police, Ambulance, firefighting.
What happens at the strategic level (gold)?
- Consider the emergency in its wider context.
- Determine long-term and wider impact and risk.
- Define and communicate the multi-agency strategy for response.
- Multi-agency group bring together commanders from relevant organisation => Strategic Co-ordinating Group (SCG) /
Gold Co-ordinating Group in London. - Establishing the SCG at a very early stage helps with local response in worsen situation.
- Multi-agency Management (but does not give orders!)
What happens at the tactical level (silver)?
Tactical level:
* Needs to ensure that the actions taken by the operational level are co-ordinated, coherent and integrated together
* Tactical Co-ordinating Group (TCG) – usually compromise the most senior officers of each agency.
Tactical commander:
* Determine priorities for resources allocation.
* Plan and co-ordinate the different tasks
* Assess the level of risks
* Ensure the health and safety of the public and personnel.
What are the 3 phases of emergency in the UK?
- Preparation
* Organisation /individuals pre-planning. These include having clarity of roles and responsibilities, specific and generic plans
and rehearsing response arrangements periodically. - Mitigation/response
* This refers to the procedures put in place to prevent or avert an imminent disasters. It also includes actions taken to address the immediate, direct effects of an incident to prevent further damage/disruption. - Recovery
* The process of rebuilding, restoring and rehabilitation of the community after an emergency. This might take months/years.
What are the 2 separate/overlapping challenges in the response phase of an emergency?
- crisis management
* Aims to prevent an imminent disaster.
* Procedures to prevent further damage and disruption after incident has occurred.
* Actions to address the immediate effects.
* Duration of this phase is anywhere from a few hours to a few months. - consequence management
* Aims to prevent the impact of an event escalating.
* Manages wider consequences such as
restoring transport or electricity and providing shelter.
What are the 3 levels of an emergency?
- significant emergency
* Requires involvement from a lead government department. No actual or potential collective central government response is required. - serious emergency
* Incident has a wide and/or prolonged impact. Involves several gov. departments. Activities are co-ordinated by lead gov. department in COBR. - catastrophic emergency
* Incident with high and widespread impacts. Requires immediate central gov. direction and support. Requires top-down response esp. when local responses had been overwhelmed.
What is COBR?
Cabinet Office Briefing Room
*The Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms are meeting rooms in the Cabinet Office in London. These rooms are used for committees which co-ordinate the actions of government bodies in response to national or regional crises, or during overseas events with major implications for the UK.
What is the national risk register?
Captures the range of emergencies that might have a major impact on all, or significant parts of the UK.
* Provides a national picture of the risks we
face.
* Complements Community Risk Registers,
published locally by emergency planners.
* Requirement of the Civil Contingencies Act
2004.
What is the Clarke report 2001?
- In response to the Marchioness disaster.
- This was a highly influential document that has changed how we respond to
mass events. - Produced some significant outcomes:
- Guidance on when it is appropriate to remove bodily material (i.e., only when necessary)
- Instigation of the Family Liaison Officer (FLO)
- Clarified the role of the SIM vs the SIO
- Civil contingencies act (2004)
What is INTERPOL?
The International Criminal Police Organisation
* 194 member countries
* Secure network I-24/7
* Terrorism, cybercrime and organised crime.
* They operate out of an INTERPOL
National Central Bureau (NCB) in each country.
* INTERPOL created the first guide to Disaster Victim Identification in 1984 and it is the globally accepted as the standard for DVI protocol.
* INTERPOL can help with: Downloadable DVI guides and AM and PM forms.
* Deployment of an Incident Response Team.
* Assistance from the Command and Coordination Centre.
* INTERPOL organised the DVI response following the 2004 Boxing day tsunami.
* Over 2000 specialists from 31 countries were involved.
* This is the largest single-incident DVI operation conducted to date.
