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Tosu Aris Intro To GI > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What does the body of the stomach secrete?

A

Mucus
HCL
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor

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3
Q

Antrum of the stomach purpose

A

Mixing and grinding and releasing gastrin

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4
Q

Gastric glands:
Chief cells at the bottom, then parietal cells, then mucous neck cells…what do they each secrete?

A

Mucous neck cells = mucus
Chief cells = pepsinogens which are inactive enzymes, activated once in lumen (ie zymogen)
Parietal cells = HCL and intrinsic factor

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5
Q

What connects parietal cells together?

A

Tight junctions

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6
Q

Where is carbon dioxide formed in our blood?

A

Mitochondria
Where atp is made
Oxidative phosphorylation

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7
Q

How does carbon dioxide get across the basolateral membrane?

A

It’s a very small molecule that can just simply diffuse across

No transporter needed

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8
Q

T or F
Vagal stimulation results in stimulation of a profuse watery salivary secretion

A

F
Facial and glossopharyngeal

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9
Q

T or F
Pancreatic cellulase hydrolyses the B- 1,4 glycosidic bond in cellulose

A

F
We don’t express cellulase!

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10
Q

What stimulates bicarbonate secretion from brunners glands

A

Secretin

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11
Q

CCK causes the sphincter of Oddi to relax. What causes gallbladder contraction, leading to bile expulsion?

A

Also CCk

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12
Q

In the stomach, pepsinogens are secreted by the parietal cells in response to lowering pH
T or F

A

F
Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells
Parietal cells are responsible for producing HCl, which lowers pH and activated the Pepsinogen into pepsin

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13
Q

Where are bile salts reabsorbed?

A

In the distal ileum
This means that only 0.5g of the total 5g bile salt pool needs to be synthesised each day.

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14
Q

Bile salts are reabsorbed in the distal ileum. What about intrinsic factor and vitamin B12?

A

Absorbed in the terminal ileum.

Try and think of these things being completely utilised in the small intestine.

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15
Q

Segmentation contractions are initiated by arrival of food in the stomach
T or f

A

True

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16
Q

Lipase is water soluble or lipid soluble?

A

Water soluble
This is a requirement of emulsification
If it was lipid soluble how could it emulsify lipids?

17
Q

What environment does pepsin require?

A

An acidic one

18
Q

What is trypsinogen secreted by?

A

Acinar cells in the pancreas

19
Q

When proteins are broken down into amino acids, they are absorbed by being coupled to what co-transport?

A

Amino acid- sodium co-transport. Mainly in the jejunum thi

20
Q

score in terms of risk of bleeding on anti coagulants with atrial fibrillation?

A

Orbit score

Not hasbled

21
Q

Score to decide on warfarin ?

A

Chadsvasc

Score greater than 2 = offer anticoagulation

22
Q

Anticoagulant example not warfarin

A

DOACs
Direct oral anti coags
Such as edoxaban

Not indicated where there is a mod-severe mitral stenosis or where there is a mechanical heart valve replacement

23
Q

What’s the issue with mitral stenosis?

A

Basically the heart needs to work harder because you’re narrowing

24
Q

What blood tests do you need to take regularly for warfarin?

A

Internalised normalised blood trst

25
Q

What’s the pro of warfarin compared to doacs?

A

The reduction in thrombo-embolic events with a disc compared to warfarin is small

26
Q

Pro for doac Vs warfarin?

A

Improved safety profile (reduced risk of major bleeding) and conscience with less blood test monitoring required

27
Q

What blood test before starting a doac?

A

Renal function as the dose of a doac is based on creatinine clearance

28
Q

Why consider giving a PPI with doacs for risk of bleeding?

A

Because they are protective…
Risk of GI bleeding so with PPI encourage healing of ulcers etc

29
Q

NSAIDs and bleeding?

A

Increases bleeding risk

Tosu Aris Intro To GI (3 decks)

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