Week 2 Flashcards

The Etruscans and The Foundation of Rome

1
Q

Who were the Etruscans and their origins?

A

Pre-Roman civilization in ancient Italy. Possibly were Pelasgians originally from Thessaly, or Indo-European languages.

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2
Q

What were some key characteristics of the Protovillanovans, and what periods of development did they undergo?

A

Pre-Etruscan peoples who underwent periods of Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, and Final Bronze Age developments. Communal practices, socio-political standards, and settlement development

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3
Q

Discuss the Villanovans and their significance in early Italian history.

A

Existed during the Iron Age, around 900 BCE.
Evidence of social status variation, specialization, and dispersal of wealth, with distinct ceramic styles and metalworking practices.

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4
Q

What were some common features of Villanovan metalworking and burial practices?

A

Fibulae, spearheads, axes, swords, helmets, shields, and hut urns. Use of large amphorae, globular jugs, and bowls, often accompanied by weapons and personal item

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5
Q

Describe the hut urns used by the Villanovans, including their construction and purpose.

A

From 1000 to 700 BCE. They were mimicked after real huts, constructed with wattle and daub on a circular base, and adorned with acroteria decorations on the roof. These urns served as burial containers

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6
Q

What was the significance of bucchero pottery in Etruscan culture, and how was it different from other pottery styles?

A

Fine clay, polished finish, and incised decoration. Fired with less oxygen, resulting in a darker color and sheen.

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7
Q

Describe some features of Etruscan burial practices, including tomb architecture and burial customs.

A

Used tumuli and stelai (tomb markers) and painted tombs, with variations in burial customs based on regional differences. Could include inhumation, cremation, and/or painted tombs

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8
Q

What is the mythological foundation story of Rome, and who were its central figures?

A

Romulus and Remus, twin brothers born to Rhea Silvia, daughter of Numitor, and Mars, the god of war. Raised by a she-wolf and later found by a shepherd named Faustulus after their grandfather Numitor was restored to the throne by their actions.

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9
Q

What were some architectural elements of Etruscan towns, and how did they reflect Etruscan societal values?

A

Rusellae (ancient town of Etruria) featured atrium-style structures with tablina (entryway) and impluviums (basin in atrium), reflecting a focus on hospitality and family life. Communal living and social cohesion.

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10
Q

Describe the early remains associated with the foundation of Rome, including the Casa Romuli.

A

Iron Age hut on the Palatine Hill constructed with wattle and daub. The hut, oval-shaped, dates back to 900-700 BCE and exhibits signs of destruction and fires.

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11
Q

What was the significance of Sant’Ombono (Forum Boarium)?

A

“Cattle market,” was a hub for trade along the Tiber and housed various religious sites, including the temple of Fortune and Mater Matua.

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12
Q

Who were Romulus and Remus? What were the circumstances surrounding Remus’s death?

A

Twin brothers and the legendary founders of Rome. Remus was killed by Romulus during a dispute over the location and naming of the new city, leading to the establishment of Rome by Romulus.

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13
Q

What was the The rape of the Sabines?

A

Seeking wives in order to establish families, Romans invited the neighboring Sabine people to a festival. At a signal from their leader, Romulus, the Romans abducted the young women and wed them.

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14
Q

What does the Aristonothos krater mean to Roman history?

A

cross-cultural relationship between Greeks and Etruscans

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15
Q

What is the reason for the loss of Etruscan identity?

A

Loss of language and imposition of Roman laws

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16
Q

What did Haurspex do?

A

read entrails of livestock, searching for anomalies to predict outcomes

17
Q

What Roman traitor is often depicted on coinage, buried under Sabine shields?

A

Tarpeia

18
Q

Where can most Attic poetry be found?

A

Etruscan tombs

19
Q

What were the Etruscans known for the inspiration of Roman Architecture?

A

The ‘Roman’ arch