week 2 Flashcards
alarm symptoms with cough
hemoptysis (blood), fever, purulent septum, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, edema
what is whisper test for
for hearing loss; effected ear you cant hear from
conductive vs sensorineural hearing loss
conductive= middle or outer ear
sensorineural = inner ear
Conductive Hearing Loss
* Hearing loss due to dysfunction in one or more parts of auditory pathway from the external ear to the middle ear
* For example, can result from dysfunction of external ear canal, tympanic membrane, and/or ossicles
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
* Hearing loss due to dysfunction in one or more parts of the auditory pathway between the inner ear and auditory cortex
* For example, can result from dysfunction of cochlea, auditory nerve, and/or auditory processing pathway in the central nervous system
weber test vs rinne test
Weber test
* On top of head and see if can hear in both ears
o Conductive (middle or outer) = lateralized to affected ear
o Sensorineural (inner) = lateralize to unaffected ear
o Normal= midline; not lateralized
Rhine test
* On mastoid bone behind 1 ear; then when cant hear move to infront in the air and should still be able to hear
o Normal = AC > BC
o Conductive= BC > AC
o Sensorineural= AC > BC
common cold
what virus?
Viral infection of upper respiratory tract
Rhinovirus most common (or coronavirus, adenovirus…)
In winter
Normal chest exam (not in lower respiratory tract)
Cough
Rhinorrhea
Aches
Low fever
Malaise
influenza
what virus?
Influenza A or B (virus)
In winter
Cough
Fever
Myalgia
Chills
Fatigue
Vomit
Rhinnorhea
Sore throat
**rigors (shivering and chills) is high LR+
Fever plus cough = 2 points
Myalgias= 2 points
Duration < 48 hours = 1 point
Chills or sweats = 1 point
otitis externa (swimmers ear)
most common bacterial infection?
risk factors
pseudomonas species or staphylococcus aureus
swimming, mechanical trauma, cerumen obstruction
otitis externa presentation
otalgia (ear pain), pruritis (itchy), fullness, otorrhea (discharge), hearing impairment (conductive hearing loss), periauricular lymphadenopathy , erythema, edema, inflamed
what type of hearing loss in otitis externa and what about acute otitis media?
both conductive hearing loss
acute otitis media
age
bacterial causes?
treatment
more susceptible in infants bc developing immune system and short horizontal Eustachian tube that accumulates fluid
secondary to infection : Viral upper respiratory infection→edema and inflammation of nasopharynx and eustachian tube→ collection of fluid in middle ear cavity→infection by bacteria
bacterias; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
can resolve without antibiotics;; watchful waiting and delayed prescription
**<6 months do antibiotics
acute otitis media presentation
otalgia (pain), fever, otorrhea (discharge), anorexia, vomit, conductive hearing loss
BULGING INFALMED< CLOUDY/ERYTHMATUS IMMBOILE TMYPANIC MEMBRANE
when should u always give antibitocs in AOM
<6 months
6 months- 2 years bilateral ear findings
> 6 months with otorrhea (discharge)
> 2 years if symptoms worsen in 3 days
all ages with severe otalgia (ear pain) and fever
***Amoxicilin
complications of AOM
Perforation of the tympanic membrane
Suppurative (pus-forming) complications of AOM:
* Acute mastoiditis
* Meningitis
* Brain abscesses
