week 2

Question 1

What is population

Answer 1

: the group we are interested in knowing more about

Question 2

What is sample

Answer 2

the group of individuals chosen from the population to represent it in a research study

Question 3

What is a representative sample

Answer 3

the sample contains sub-groups of people in direct proportion to their prevalence in the general population

Question 4

What do we seek with a sample

Answer 4

External validity so that research can be generalized to the real world

Question 5

Does sample size matter

Answer 5

Large samples are good but they are not always representative of the population

Question 6

What is sampling bias

Answer 6

systematic tendency towards over or under-representation of some categories in a sample

Question 7

What is a biased sample

Answer 7

A sample in which members of a sub-group of the larger population are over or under-represented

Question 8

What is standard error

Answer 8

measures how well the mean of a particular sample represents the mean of the population

Question 9

What is probability sampling

Answer 9

there is a specific/known probability of each member of the population being sampled

Question 10

What is non-probability sampling

Answer 10

there is not a specific and known probability of each member of the population being sampled

Question 11

What types of probability sampling

Answer 11

Simple random sampling
systematic random sampling
stratified sampling
cluster sample

Question 12

What is simple random sampling

Answer 12

sample is chosen randomly from the population, so everyone has an equal chance of being selected. Reduces sampling error

Question 13

What is systematic random sampling

Answer 13

method that requires selecting samples based on a system of intervals in a numbered population

Question 14

What is stratified sampling

Answer 14

introduces an extra step before sampling the population: determining groups within our population whose proportions we want our sample to reflect to enhance its representativeness

Question 15

What is cluster sampling

Answer 15

clusters of individual are identified, and then a subset of cluster is randomly chosen to sample from

Question 16

What are types of non-probability sampling

Answer 16

convenience sampling
purposive sampling
quota sampling
snowball sampling

Question 17

What is convenience sampling

Answer 17

a sample is chosen from the people who are available to participate in the research

Question 18

What is purposive sampling

Answer 18

also known as judgment, selective or subjective sampling. is a sampling techniques in which the researchers rely on their judgment when choosing members of the population to participate in the study

Question 19

What is quota sampling

Answer 19

similar to stratified sampling but here we use a non-probabilistic sampling technique to determine the sample

Question 20

What is snowball sampling

Answer 20

this type of sample can be used by researchers looking for a specialised population. Researcher identifies the first participant then asks participant to recommend other potential participant