week 2 Flashcards
the hip and muscle function
What do muscles do
-produce movement
-maintain postures & positions
-protection
- heat production
-driving circulatory
What are the 3 types of muscles
-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-skeletal muscle
Which muscles are involuntary
Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
Balloon theory
muscles are inflated by stuff
What does a muscle consist of
Bundles of fibres attached to a muscle fascicle
What is a tendon
A fibrous connective tissue which attached muscle to bone
What is teno-osseous junction
Tendon attached to bone
Musculoskeletal-tendinuous junction
Tendon that’s attached to muscle
Musculo tendon contraction
Forces generated by individual fibres gathered in tendons and the resultant force pulls the bone
Aponeurosis
The tendon where muscle fibres are attached too
Pinette muscles
Muscle fibres directions are different from main axis of muscle
Parallel muscles
Muscle fibres attached to tendon in a parallel form
Pennate muscles
Muscles fibres are attached to tendons in a pennate form slightly bent
Why are pinnate muscles stronger than parallel
Pennate has a higher number of fibres attached to the tendon
Why are Pennate muscles slower than parallel
Pennate is slower cuz it has fibres that have to shorten over a greater distance to shorten muscle over the same distance
Three types of muscle contractions
-isometric
-concentric
-eccentric
Describe isometric contraction
When external force same as muscle force hence muscle length will stay constant eg. Deltoid holding arm in abduction
Concentric contraction
When external force is less than muscle force, muscle shortened eg deltoid shortens to raise arm in abduction
Eccentric contraction
External force greater than muscle force, muscle lengthened eg deltoid lengthens to lower arm in adduction
Structure of muscle fibres
Striated
Consist of bundles called myofibrils
Structure of myofibrils
Striated
Sacromeres-most basic functional unit of muscle contraction
Hierarchy of muscle
- Muscle
- Fascicle
- Muscle fibre
- Myofibrils
Structure of sarcomeres
Has 2 myofilaments: actin(thin) and myosin (thick)
Myosin is in between the actin .
What is the a band
Dark region consisting of myosin and actin overlapping
What is I band
Lighter region consisting of actin
What is z line
Centre of actin band
What is m line
Centre of myosin band
Sliding filament model
Myosin’s row in the sea of Acton’s
Main source of sliding force comes from
Myosin heads interacting with actin binding sites called cross bridges
Binding sites
Positions of actin sites where the myosin heads can attach
Cross bridges
Temporary bridges between the actin binding sites and myosin heads
Power stroke
The movement of the myosin head that applies force to the actin filament thru cross bridge
HIP ANTHROLOGY
What’s inominate bones
Fused bones of the pelvis either side of sacrum
