week 2

Question 1

What do muscles do

Answer 1

-produce movement
-maintain postures & positions
-protection
- heat production
-driving circulatory

Question 2

What are the 3 types of muscles

Answer 2

-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-skeletal muscle

Question 3

Which muscles are involuntary

Answer 3

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 4

Balloon theory

Answer 4

muscles are inflated by stuff

Question 5

What does a muscle consist of

Answer 5

Bundles of fibres attached to a muscle fascicle

Question 6

What is a tendon

Answer 6

A fibrous connective tissue which attached muscle to bone

Question 7

What is teno-osseous junction

Answer 7

Tendon attached to bone

Question 8

Musculoskeletal-tendinuous junction

Answer 8

Tendon that’s attached to muscle

Question 9

Musculo tendon contraction

Answer 9

Forces generated by individual fibres gathered in tendons and the resultant force pulls the bone

Question 10

Aponeurosis

Answer 10

The tendon where muscle fibres are attached too

Question 11

Pinette muscles

Answer 11

Muscle fibres directions are different from main axis of muscle

Question 12

Parallel muscles

Answer 12

Muscle fibres attached to tendon in a parallel form

Question 13

Pennate muscles

Answer 13

Muscles fibres are attached to tendons in a pennate form slightly bent

Question 14

Why are pinnate muscles stronger than parallel

Answer 14

Pennate has a higher number of fibres attached to the tendon

Question 15

Why are Pennate muscles slower than parallel

Answer 15

Pennate is slower cuz it has fibres that have to shorten over a greater distance to shorten muscle over the same distance

Question 16

Three types of muscle contractions

Answer 16

-isometric
-concentric
-eccentric

Question 17

Describe isometric contraction

Answer 17

When external force same as muscle force hence muscle length will stay constant eg. Deltoid holding arm in abduction

Question 18

Concentric contraction

Answer 18

When external force is less than muscle force, muscle shortened eg deltoid shortens to raise arm in abduction

Question 19

Eccentric contraction

Answer 19

External force greater than muscle force, muscle lengthened eg deltoid lengthens to lower arm in adduction

Question 20

Structure of muscle fibres

Answer 20

Striated
Consist of bundles called myofibrils

Question 21

Structure of myofibrils

Answer 21

Striated
Sacromeres-most basic functional unit of muscle contraction

Question 22

Hierarchy of muscle

Answer 22

1. Muscle
2. Fascicle
3. Muscle fibre
4. Myofibrils

Question 23

Structure of sarcomeres

Answer 23

Has 2 myofilaments: actin(thin) and myosin (thick)
Myosin is in between the actin .

Question 24

What is the a band

Answer 24

Dark region consisting of myosin and actin overlapping

Question 25

What is I band

Answer 25

Lighter region consisting of actin

Question 26

What is z line

Answer 26

Centre of actin band

Question 27

What is m line

Answer 27

Centre of myosin band

Question 28

Sliding filament model

Answer 28

Myosin’s row in the sea of Acton’s

Question 29

Main source of sliding force comes from

Answer 29

Myosin heads interacting with actin binding sites called cross bridges

Question 30

Binding sites

Answer 30

Positions of actin sites where the myosin heads can attach

Question 31

Cross bridges

Answer 31

Temporary bridges between the actin binding sites and myosin heads

Question 32

Power stroke

Answer 32

The movement of the myosin head that applies force to the actin filament thru cross bridge

Question 33

HIP ANTHROLOGY

Question 34

What’s inominate bones

Answer 34

Fused bones of the pelvis either side of sacrum